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馒头卡喉咙啦

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馒头卡喉咙啦

2021-04-08

go

Millet's car-making heat is still there, and Didi "gears up" is ready to enter the game

馒头卡喉咙啦

2021-03-28

Hi

How Long Will the US Stock Value Style Last?

馒头卡喉咙啦

2021-05-15

O

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馒头卡喉咙啦

2021-03-18

2233

Bilibili Hong Kong stocks are offering today, with a first-hand entry fee of about HK$19,959

馒头卡喉咙啦

2021-06-07

Hao

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馒头卡喉咙啦

2021-04-08

？

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馒头卡喉咙啦

2021-03-23

Good

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馒头卡喉咙啦

2021-03-22

Hao

The margin subscription amount of Bilibili reached HK$35.55 billion, 52.3 times over the amount

馒头卡喉咙啦

2021-03-17

Down

馒头卡喉咙啦

2021-03-17

Expect to fall

Go to Tiger App to see more news

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01:29","market":"sh","language":"zh","title":"Millet's car-making heat is still there, and Didi \"gears up\" is ready to enter the game","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2125186725","media":"中国证券报-中证网","summary":"截至发稿，滴滴方面对此事未予置评。小米全力以赴造车除了滴滴以外，关于小米造车的热度依然不减。4月6日晚，小米集团董事长兼CEO雷军在粉“OpenDay”上再次回应了小米造车计划，称将“全力以赴为‘米粉’造好车”。3月30日，小米集团在港交所发布公告，董事会正式批准智能电动汽车业务立项，拟成立一家全资子公司，负责智能电动汽车业务。科技公司入局智能汽车“新战场”，新一轮“智能汽车大战”或将拉开帷幕。","content":"<p><div>The popularity of Xiaomi's car-building has not decreased, and Didi has reported the news of car-building. In 2021, with the official announcement of Baidu and Xiaomi to build cars, technology companies gradually moved from behind the scenes to the front stage, and their voices in the automobile field became more and more intensive. Insiders pointed out that the automotive electronics industry will become another great development opportunity at the whole industry chain level after home appliances, PCs and mobile phones. The automotive electronics industry has entered a new round of technological innovation cycle, and its penetration rate and value will be greatly improved, with a market space exceeding one trillion yuan. Didi builds cars? On the evening of April 6th, it was reported that Didi started the car building project, and the person in charge was Yang Jun, vice president of Didi and general manager of Xiaoju Car Service....</p><p><a href=\"https://cj.sina.cn/article/normal_detail?url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2021-04-08/doc-ikmxzfmk5553014.shtml\">Web link</a></div></p>","source":"sina_symbol","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Millet's car-making heat is still there, and Didi \"gears up\" is ready to enter the game</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nMillet's car-making heat is still there, and Didi \"gears up\" is ready to enter the game\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">中国证券报-中证网</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-04-08 01:29</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><div>The popularity of Xiaomi's car-building has not decreased, and Didi has reported the news of car-building. In 2021, with the official announcement of Baidu and Xiaomi to build cars, technology companies gradually moved from behind the scenes to the front stage, and their voices in the automobile field became more and more intensive. Insiders pointed out that the automotive electronics industry will become another great development opportunity at the whole industry chain level after home appliances, PCs and mobile phones. The automotive electronics industry has entered a new round of technological innovation cycle, and its penetration rate and value will be greatly improved, with a market space exceeding one trillion yuan. Didi builds cars? On the evening of April 6th, it was reported that Didi started the car building project, and the person in charge was Yang Jun, vice president of Didi and general manager of Xiaoju Car Service....</p><p><a href=\"https://cj.sina.cn/article/normal_detail?url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2021-04-08/doc-ikmxzfmk5553014.shtml\">Web link</a></div></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://cj.sina.cn/article/normal_detail?url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2021-04-08/doc-ikmxzfmk5553014.shtml\">中国证券报-中证网</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4879226cba5adf8ff2086dab0c52ccbb","relate_stocks":{"01810":"小米集团-W"},"source_url":"https://cj.sina.cn/article/normal_detail?url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2021-04-08/doc-ikmxzfmk5553014.shtml","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2125186725","content_text":"小米造车热度未减，滴滴又传出造车消息。进入2021年，随着百度、小米官宣造车，科技公司逐渐从幕后走向台前，在汽车领域的发声愈发密集。业内人士指出，汽车电子产业将成为继家电、PC和手机之后又一次全产业链级别的大发展机遇。汽车电子产业进入新一轮技术革新周期，其渗透率及价值都将得到大幅提升，市场空间超万亿元。滴滴造车？4月6日晚，有消息称，滴滴开始启动造车项目，负责人是滴滴副总裁、小橘车服总经理杨峻。截至发稿，滴滴方面对此事未予置评。报道称，滴滴造车团队目前已经从车厂挖人，其中包括曾担任蔚来汽车用户发展副总裁的朱江。对此，朱江本人辟谣称消息并不属实。一名长安汽车相关人士向中国证券报记者透露称，“我有一个同事已经过去了。目前，滴滴还是采用和比亚迪合作的模式。”2019年11月，滴滴发布了全球首款定制网约车D1。这款车由滴滴联合比亚迪共同设计开发，基于滴滴平台上5.5亿位乘客、上千万名司机需求、百亿次出行数据，针对网约车出行场景，在车内人机交互、司乘体验、车联网等多方面进行定制化设计。据了解，D1在2021年首季度销量为5000台。目前，滴滴D1已经在长沙、宁波、厦门开始运营，招募D1专属司机。其中，长沙正在运营车辆已超过500台，下一步滴滴定制车D1还将登陆广州、深圳等一线城市。汽车行业资深分析师钟师向中国证券报记者表示，“滴滴此前的目的是做自动驾驶车队，提升智能化程度升级成L3自动驾驶的车队，更多控制出行市场。滴滴现在基本上已经把控了出行市场的各个端口，造车是在已有的用户数据库上做叠加”。威马汽车战略运营副总裁梅松林对中国证券报记者表示，滴滴如果造车，就会进入到“重资产”的经营模式。此前的科技巨头跨界造车，都是在某一个领域已经占据领头羊的地位，盈利模式也非常成熟。但造车是一项非常烧钱的项目，对滴滴而言，作为一家服务型公司，目前商业模式还没有完全成熟，此前在造车领域并无根基，造车的钱从哪里来？小米全力以赴造车除了滴滴以外，关于小米造车的热度依然不减。4月6日晚，小米集团董事长兼CEO雷军在粉“Open Day”上再次回应了小米造车计划，称将“全力以赴为‘米粉’造好车”。“手机和汽车有很多相似的地方，小米首款车一定会给大家带来惊喜。”雷军指出，小米发布的第一款车一定会是那个时间里最尖端的产品，预计会在3年后推出。在直播前，雷军在微博上向米粉“连发三问”，投票问题分别是“你希望小米汽车第一辆车是什么车”“你希望小米汽车第一辆车大约是什么价钱”“关于小米汽车的品牌”。投票结果大致勾勒出小米粉丝对小米汽车的构想与期待：关于小米汽车的品牌，超过63%的人认为小米应该坚持使用“小米”品牌。关于首款车的车型，小米调查显示，有45%用户希望小米首款车是轿车，40%用户希望是SUV，7%-8%用户则希望是跑车，5%-6%用户希望是房车。在价位上，虽然单项选择10万元以下的人最多，不过还是有2/3的人选择了10万元以上。3月30日，小米集团在港交所发布公告，董事会正式批准智能电动汽车业务立项，拟成立一家全资子公司，负责智能电动汽车业务。首期投资为100亿元人民币，预计未来10年投资额100亿美元（超650亿元人民币）。小米集团创始人雷军将兼任智能电动汽车业务的首席执行官。据雷军透露，在过去75天，小米进行了85场业内拜访沟通，与200多位汽车行业资深人士进行了深度交流，进行了4次管理层内部讨论会和两次正式董事会。雷军强调，小米造车是小米全资投入，小米经过反复考虑，决定只有和小米的手机、生态链等产品全部打通，才能提供无所不在的智能汽车体验。钟师认为，与其他造车新势力从零开始不同的是，小米造车已经自带品牌，作为一家电子消费品巨头和具有成熟商业生态的品牌，小米具有先天优势。梅松林指出，小米此前在智能手机和智能家居方面发展得十分成功，下一步最大的智能产品就是智能汽车。但汽车与智能家居产品在生命周期和安全可靠性等方面明显不同，需要格外留意。对中国汽车产业而言，目前还没有出现国际汽车品牌。小米智能手机已经是国际品牌，下一步小米或将承担全球智能汽车布道者的角色。智能汽车大战拉开帷幕随着滴滴和小米等科技公司相继加入智能电动车的赛道，也使得该领域的热度越来越高。对此，小鹏汽车董事长兼CEO何小鹏曾在社交媒体上表示，“据我了解，今年大概有数家科技企业可能会成为不同模式的造车新势力，这对智能汽车市场和新的移动生态的真正到来，会产生非常正面的影响。”进入2021年，随着百度、小米官宣造车，科技公司逐渐从幕后走向台前，在汽车领域的发声愈发密集。之前的“汽车+互联网”已经有向“互联网+汽车”转变的趋势。科技公司入局智能汽车“新战场”，新一轮“智能汽车大战”或将拉开帷幕。同时，智能汽车的发展趋势也逐渐明朗。IHSMarkit的报告预测，到2025年，全球汽车市场智能汽车的渗透率将提升到60%。届时，中国市场的智能汽车渗透率将达到75%，高出前者15个百分点。“早在2016年，国内就掀起了互联网巨头试水汽车产业的浪潮，但更多扮演的是通过AI、大数据、云计算技术为汽车产业赋能。而这一轮有所不同。很多科技巨头不再甘心充当配角，而是亲自下场造车，这对汽车产业的格局将产生重要影响。”业内人士对中国证券报记者表示。钟师表示，在汽车行业发展的“新四化”（智能化、网联化、电动化、共享化）趋势中，智能化和网联化都与科技公司有着千丝万缕的关系。科技公司进入汽车业，主要在于分享产业价值链中占比重越来越大的软件部分。目前，智能手机市场逐渐饱和，智能汽车被认为是下一个最具前景的智能终端。IDC预测，全球智能手机市场出货金额从2020年至2023年年均复合增长率仅为4.31%。安信证券认为，汽车电子产业将成为继家电、PC和手机之后又一次全产业链级别的大发展机遇。汽车电子产业进入新一轮技术革新周期，其渗透率及价值都将得到大幅提升，市场空间超万亿元。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"01810":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":5994,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":352333124,"gmtCreate":1616891366268,"gmtModify":1704799733385,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3576125208282503","authorIdStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Hi","listText":"Hi","text":"Hi","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/352333124","repostId":"1192792909","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1192792909","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1617030576,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1192792909?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-03-29 23:09","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"How Long Will the US Stock Value Style Last?","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1192792909","media":"雪涛宏观笔记","summary":"美股价值股与成长股长期相对收益的核心来源是盈利，而不是估值。与科网泡沫时期显著不同的是当前成长股相比价值股并不存在明显的估值泡沫（可能都贵）。短期来看，本轮价值风格已持续了6个月，可能处于风格优势期的","content":"<p>The core source of long-term relative returns for U.S. value vs. growth stocks is earnings, not valuations. What is significantly different from the Internet bubble period is that there is no obvious valuation bubble in value stocks compared with the current growth stocks (which may all be expensive). In the short term, this round of value style has lasted for 6 months, and it may be in the middle and late stage of the style advantage period (comparable average of 10 months). Value stocks are still expected to outperform growth stocks in the next quarter as a recovery deal, but it is recommended to lower the expectation of absolute returns of value stocks. In the long run, it is still unknown whether the style differentiation of value/growth can be reversed. If the US government promotes a series of institutional reforms to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor through tax increases, it should be mentally prepared for the trend reversal of style.<b>Introduction:</b></p><p>In August last year, the value stocks of U.S. stocks underperformed growth stocks for the first time, exceeding the level of science and technology bubble period. At that time, the market began to turn to cyclical value stocks. At the same time, the long-end US Treasury yields began to rebound sharply, driving the value/growth ratio to rebound from a historical low. Since February this year, the Nasdaq index, which represents the growth style, has had a continuous pullback/retracement, and the Dow Jones index, which represents the value style, has repeatedly hit new highs. When the style switching has become a fact, the discussion on whether the value style of U.S. stocks has ushered in a long-term inflection point has intensified.</p><p><b>Is style switching a long-term reversal or a short-term convergence, and how much room for deduction is there?</b>— Let's take the Russel 1000's value and growth index as an example to explore the answer to this question.</p><p><b>Core conclusions:</b></p><p><b>First, the core source of relative income between value stocks and growth stocks is profit, not valuation! At present, there is no obvious valuation bubble in growth stocks compared with value stocks (probably all expensive!), which is significantly different from the Internet bubble period.</b></p><p><b>Second, after 1981, the core of the downward trend of long-term bond interest rates is the low economic growth rate and low inflation caused by insufficient endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth. At present, the technical and institutional factors that lead to insufficient endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth and a long-term deflationary environment have not been improved.</b></p><p><b>Third, if the Treasury Bond market in the United States can't form a long-term bear market, the discussion of value over growth style may be limited to the short period. The peak and fall of nominal interest rate, real interest rate, CPI and inflation expectations are roughly the synchronization or leading indicators of the inflection point, and the inflection point of market style is earlier than the inflection point of relative profit.</b></p><p><b>Fourth, in the short period, this round of value style has lasted for 6 months, and it is in the middle and late stage of the style advantage period (comparable average of 10 months), and the excess return has also completed more than half of the historical average. The rapid upward phase of interest rates and inflation could come to an end in May this year. Therefore, value stocks as recovery trades are still expected to outperform growth stocks in the coming quarter, but it is recommended to lower expectations for absolute returns of value stocks.</b></p><p><b>Fifth, once the U.S. government begins to turn left and reform the distribution system based on liberal capitalism since the Reagan administration, the conditions for long-term interest rates to turn upward may arise. The equalization of income distribution may reverse the long-term deflation brought about by the widening gap between the rich and the poor in the past four decades, and promote the trend of recovery in the long-term interest rate hub.</b></p><p><b>Sixth, it is still unknown whether the style differentiation of long-term value/growth can be reversed. If the US government promotes a series of institutional reforms to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor through tax increases, it should be mentally prepared for the possible style trend reversal.</b></p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 1: 10-Year Treasury Bond Yield vs. Russel 1000 Value & Style Index Relative Returns</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/600e3efd47bf1b5bf01a8081ca124909\" tg-width=\"910\" tg-height=\"594\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>I. What determines the relative returns of value/growth style?</b></p><p>The core view supporting the long-term reversal of style is the reversal of the downward trend of long-term yields of U.S. bonds. We analyze from the perspective of the impact of long-end yields on EPS and valuations of value and growth stocks.</p><p><b>(1) The difference between long-term U.S. bond yield and value growth EPS is in the same direction</b></p><p>Financial statement measures related to operating leverage, such as turnover of assets, plant and equipment and net debt, differ significantly for value and growth companies. In a broad reflationary environment, value companies with relatively high levels of fixed assets will have a more noticeable improvement in turnover than growth companies. Value companies also have higher levels of net debt than growth companies. In the case of reinflation, compared with growth enterprises, the burden of repaying principal and interest of value enterprises will be relatively small. Therefore,<b>The downward movement in interest rates may hint at a slide in the relative earnings of value-based companies' EPS.</b></p><p>From the history of nearly 30 years,<b>The difference between EPS of value stocks and growth stocks is in good agreement with the short-term fluctuation of interest rates</b>。 However, the high point of each cycle moves downward in turn, which is in line with the long-term downward direction of interest rates. Among them, the short-term monetary policy interest rate was consistent with the fluctuation law of profit spread before 2008, but gradually deviated after the financial crisis, reflecting the slower response of monetary policy interest rate to economic profit cycle. The long-term 10-year US Treasury yields and earnings difference significantly deviated from 2003 to 2006. The difference between EPS of value stocks and growth stocks reached a new high in 2007, but the 10-year US Treasury yields was lower than the previous cycle high.</p><p><b>At the heart of the divergence is also the mystery of Greenspan's long-term interest rates</b>Short-term interest rates have risen, while long-term risk-free interest rates have fallen. Greenspan's explanation for this included:</p><p>1. The economic recovery of the United States combined with the deepening degree of globalization has led to the accumulation of increasingly large dollar surpluses by trading partners. On a global scale, the only place that can undertake this part of the foreign exchange reserves accumulated by the surplus is the Treasury Bond market in the United States.</p><p>2. With the inevitable increase in the retirement population (particularly in developed countries), the lack of funding for retirement schemes is a growing concern. Both pension funds and insurers have had to increase their share of long-term bonds in their portfolios.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 2: Before 2008, monetary policy cycles and value-to-growth earnings spreads approximated</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/61937bebe0692c423e53ccc1341518ff\" tg-width=\"568\" tg-height=\"296\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 3: 10Y US Treasury yields is in good agreement with the fluctuation of value growth earnings spread</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0213083f3bfc77aed3440308bd2fe7d3\" tg-width=\"824\" tg-height=\"431\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>(2) Declining long-term yields will not make growth stocks more expensive than value stocks</b></p><p><b>A broad view is that the downward trend of risk-free interest rates will bring more valuation premiums to growth stocks, but this perception is wrong!</b>Although the fluctuation of Treasury Bond yield is indeed ahead of the risk premium difference between value stocks and growth stocks from the perspective of short cycle, the risk premium of value stocks compared with growth stocks has not expanded because of the downward trend of risk-free interest rate from the perspective of long cycle.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 4: 10-Year Treasury Bond Interest Rate and Value to Growth Stock Risk Premium Difference</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/31507616ec0aec31a906ffcb6a74a3a9\" tg-width=\"478\" tg-height=\"297\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table>So, we conclude,<b>The core source of relative returns for value vs. growth stocks is earnings, not valuation! At present, there is no obvious valuation bubble in growth stocks compared with value stocks (probably all expensive!), which is significantly different from the Internet bubble period.</b></p><p>The downward trend of risk-free interest rates and the downward trend of style relative profitability (value stocks-growth stocks) both reflect the changes in the industrial structure of the U.S. economy. The use of capital and technology reduces labor costs and improves corporate efficiency and profitability, so the weighting of growth stocks represented by technology in the stock market does not match their contribution to the economy and employment (see Figure 6).<b>The key question of whether there will be a style reversal in the future is whether the industrial structure of the United States will change, causing value stock earnings, inflation and interest rates to continue upward.</b></p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 5: Except for the deviation from the Internet period (2000), the value-growth profit difference dominates the relative returns of the value-growth index</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b50730f74cd9d5269e52a4816dbcc27a\" tg-width=\"532\" tg-height=\"366\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 6: The weighting of growth stocks represented by technology in the stock market does not match their contribution to the economy and employment</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c8b2645041d5028dd3dc4a6684ec26ed\" tg-width=\"480\" tg-height=\"291\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: BEA, BLS, Standard & Poor's, Tianfeng Securities Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>Second, if there is a tax increase (and a series of institutional reforms that represent the left turn of American society), the 40-year downward trend of interest rates may end, and the style may be reversed</b></p><p>Looking back at the history of interest rates after World War II, the factors that contributed to the 40-year downward trend of interest rates have not changed.<b>The movement of nominal interest rates depends mainly on real economic growth and inflation.</b>After World War II, the yield of 10-year U.S. bonds was in high agreement with the trend of U.S. GDP growth and core CPI, and the peak appeared in the 1970s.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 7: 10-Year Treasury Bond Yield vs. US Real GDP Growth vs. Core CPI</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/51766a075b0ad18b0da629cc8019a2c4\" tg-width=\"475\" tg-height=\"326\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>The first phase of the interest rate rise cycle (1946-1970)</b>It is based on the real prosperity generated by positive feedback on the supply side and the demand side. During World War II, the U.S. government promoted supply-side reform in line with the current situation, upgraded the supply level of American manufacturing industry and supporting industries, accelerated the training of a large number of technical talents at the rate of wartime economy, and reproduced the barbaric advance of late 19th century in the application of new technologies. Roosevelt's New Deal pushed for labor relations legislation, narrowed the divide between rich and poor, and allowed American workers to obtain an eight-hour working week and other benefits. However, the increase in labor costs, residents' education level and female labor participation rate pushed labor productivity to a new height. On the demand side, the war has hit the global industry hard, and the industrial base needs to be rebuilt urgently. At this stage, the economy is growing rapidly, inflation is low, the unemployment rate continues to decline, and the polarization between the rich and the poor is narrowing.<b>Rising interest rates correspond to the acceleration of real economic growth.</b></p><p><b>Second stage of interest rate rise (1970-1981)</b>Established on the supply shock brought about by the oil crisis. During the two oil crises, the price of crude oil rose from less than $3 per barrel in 1973 to $45 in 1980. The postwar economic recovery was highly dependent on the energy support provided by the petrochemical industry. The price of crude oil rose, and the dollar depreciated after the collapse of Bretton Woods system, which brought imported inflation, and the ten-year Treasury Bond yield rose to the highest level since the founding of the United States. At this stage, the economy is in frequent recession, the price level remains at a high level, the unemployment rate rises,<b>The rise in interest rates mainly corresponds to high inflation brought about by the contraction of supply.</b></p><p><b>After 1981, the core of the downward trend of long-term bond interest rates is the low economic growth rate and low inflation caused by the insufficient endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth.</b></p><p>On the supply side, global innovation and economic progress since the 1970s have focused on a narrow field of human activity, more related to entertainment, communication, information collection and processing, and this part of social well-being improvement is not included in GDP. \"For other matters of human concern, including food, clothing, housing, transportation, health, working environment inside and outside the home, etc., the pace of progress has slowed down since 1970, both quantitatively and qualitatively.\" (Robert Gordon, The Rise and Fall of American Economic Growth)</p><p>On the demand side, the deterioration of income distribution mechanism has led to a long-term shortage of effective demand. The loosening of wage controls in 1973 has been an important reason for the increased polarization between rich and poor since then. The aging of the population in western countries appeared generally in the early 1980s. Combined with its high welfare system, labor supply and savings both declined, and capital investment was insufficient; In addition, in response to global competition, enterprises in developed countries relocated their industries to emerging markets to reduce costs, and residents' wage growth stagnated.</p><p><b>At present, the above factors that lead to the lack of endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth have not been improved.</b>Population aging and declining fertility rates in developed countries are still intensifying; Global innovation mainly focuses on business models, and hardware investment has not yet formed a qualitative change to improve social production efficiency; Technological progress and globalization have increased efficiency but undermined equity, and governments must do more to focus on vulnerable groups.</p><p>Human society does not evolve linearly, but leaps and bounds like quantum transition. It has been at a slow and stable energy level for a long time. Suddenly, it encountered some major changes, and the order, system and technology began to undergo profound changes, and the historical process began to accelerate until it entered the next new energy level of slow and stable development for a long time. The COVID-19 epidemic may be such a major change. When human beings encounter difficulties, cooperation and reform are more likely to emerge and enter the above-mentioned transitional development.</p><p><b>After the COVID-19 pandemic, some factors that changed the endogenous lack of momentum for long-term economic growth began to looming.</b>The Democratic Party is willing to reform the wealth distribution system, including raising income tax rates for the wealthy and large corporations, raising the minimum wage, boosting employment with traditional infrastructure, and increasing transfer payments for low-and middle-income earners. But the bipartisan and social polarization of political views in the United States has made this reform difficult (a microcosm of the Republican opposition to raising the minimum wage to $15 an hour). The bipartisan consensus could be antitrust enforcement against big tech companies, with Congress considering forcing tech giants to separate their dominant online platforms from other business units, and the Democrat-led House Judiciary Committee's antitrust subcommittee poised to propose sweeping reforms that could encourage innovation in the long run (as in the 1970s when IBM was spun off), improve social labor productivity and improve wealth distribution mechanisms.</p><p><b>Once the U.S. government begins to turn left and reform the distribution system based on liberal capitalism since the Reagan administration, conditions may arise for long-term interest rates to turn upward.</b>The equalization of income distribution could reverse the long-term deflation that has been brought about by the widening gap between the rich and the poor over the past four decades,<b>And promote the trend recovery of the long-term interest rate center.</b></p><p><b>In addition, there are also potential factors on the supply side that will drive the long-term recovery of interest rates.</b>Under the global trend of \"carbon neutrality\", the capital market is also driving the \"greening\" of the energy industry, which may lead to insufficient investment in traditional energy. For example, Shell, which has a more aggressive transition, plans to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. For this reason, the proportion of its capital expenditure in the upstream sector has shrunk from about 35% to 25-30% after 2025, while the proportion of renewable energy capital expenditure has increased. Correspondingly, the IRR of new capital expenditure also treats the return rate requirements of upstream sector and renewable energy differently. The return rate of capital expenditure of upstream sector should reach 20-25%, while the return rate of investment of renewable energy should only be no less than 10%. Not only energy, but commodity prices have been depressed over the past decade, raw material producers have cut capital expenditure to varying degrees, and the Covid pandemic has accelerated some capacity clearance.</p><p><b>Third, if the trend reversal of interest rates is not considered, how long can this round of style switching of growth value last?</b></p><p><b>If the U.S. Treasury Bond market fails to form a long-term bear market, the discussion of value over growth style may be limited to short periods.</b></p><p>We selected five indicators: inflation expectation, real interest rate, PMI, CPI and inventory year-on-year to examine the macro state of value stocks outperforming growth stocks since 2000. 2000.7-2001.3 and 2008.6-2008.12 are all stages of economic downturn, with PMI, inventory year-on-year and CPI all declining, and value stocks gain excess returns under the defensive strategy. The remaining four stages all show economic recovery, and most of the economic indicators are in a state of recovery. Inflation expectations and CPI recovery fluctuated at a high level; Except for 2001.11-2002.7, the bottom of real interest rate began to climb, and PMI fluctuated upward; Except 2012.5-2013.7, the inventory cycle is in the replenishment stage. Excluding this time (2020.9-2021.2) and the long bull period of value stocks (2003.12-2006.06), the average excess return of value stocks is 15.54%,<b>Average duration is 10 months</b>。 The most similar to this time is 2016.3-2016.12. This stage is the last round of small cycle recovery period, and the excess return of value stocks is 8.22%, which lasts for 10 months.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Table 1: Periods of Excess Return of Value Stocks vs. Growth Stocks</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c79f98fa6d41cc0bb8b40968953959c8\" tg-width=\"492\" tg-height=\"179\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 8: 1990-to-date inflation expectation (%), CPI year-on-year growth rate (%), inventory year-on-year growth rate (%)</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9497187cf6a6026f1ba5e5df2d759692\" tg-width=\"494\" tg-height=\"345\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 9: 1990-to-date Real Interest Rates and PMI</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b903d79a6e050f784a34a9525ddba907\" tg-width=\"485\" tg-height=\"315\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table>From the previous four style reversals (that is, the RUSSEL 1000 value/growth index turned from downward to upward),<b>Nominal interest rate, real interest rate, CPI, inflation expectations peak and fall are roughly inflection point synchronization or leading indicators</b>。 However, after 2008, value stocks can only eat the \"fish body\" of the rising interest rate or inflation, that is, the early stage of the rising interest rate or inflation from the bottom, but not the \"fish tail\" of the peak stage. This may be because the market thinks that the excess profit of value stocks can hardly last as long as 2003-2006.<b>The market's style inflection point also predates the relative profitability inflection point.</b></p><p>Profits in the industrial, materials and financial sectors are expected to rise 89%, 40% and 23% year-over-year, respectively, in 2021, while profits in the tech sector rose just 18%, showing the current dominance of value styles, according to FactSet.<b>This round of value style has lasted for 6 months, which may be in the middle and late stage of the style advantage period (comparable average of 10 months), and the excess return has also completed more than half of the historical average.</b></p><p>In terms of macro indicators,<b>CPI may fall back after the peak in May, and inflation expectations are already at an all-time high (99.5% quantile)</b>。 The recovery of shale oil production capacity in the United States is less than expected, giving OPEC room to continue to reduce production and maintain high oil prices. In the first half of the year, oil prices may fluctuate violently at a high level, but inflation expectations may fall with oil prices in the second half of the year. Judging from the previous rounds of historical experience, the inflation expectation is about half a year ahead of the real interest rate. Therefore, after the inflation expectation drops in the second half of the year, the real interest rate still has upside room. After stripping off the long-term trend, the current real interest rate (around-0.66%) remains at historically low levels (17.4% quantile). It is expected that the rebound high of real interest rates will be around 0.2%-0.3%, corresponding to the historical quantile of 70%-80%, which is about equal to the average level in 2019.</p><p><b>Based on our judgment of inflation and real interest rates, the phase of rapid upward movement in interest rates and inflation could end in May this year. Therefore, the short-term style advantage of value stocks may still last for a quarter, and whether the trend reversal in the long term will be determined by a series of institutional reforms that reverse income distribution and the wealth gap.</b></p><p>In terms of specific industries, commodity price increases, manufacturing replenishment and upward interest rate push<b>Sectors such as finance, energy, industry and raw materials led gains during the recovery period.</b>There is no obvious inventory cycle for healthcare, information technology, public utilities and telecommunications services, and the performance of core consumer goods is relatively stable and relatively less elastic. Non-core consumer products are excessively affected by amazon.<b>Energy stocks have now risen more than the historical average, and the gains of financial stocks have been fully realized</b>。</p><p>In the short term, we think<b>Value stocks as recovery deals are still expected to outperform growth stocks in the coming quarter, but it is recommended to lower expectations for absolute returns for value stocks; In the long run, it is still unknown whether the style differentiation of value/growth can be reversed in the trend. If the US government promotes a series of institutional reforms to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor through tax increases, it should be mentally prepared for the possible style trend reversal.</b></p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Table 2: Performance of various industries during the recovery phase</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6228f37247756967ffbc3aa57083aa9d\" tg-width=\"460\" tg-height=\"249\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table></p>","source":"xthgbj","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How Long Will the US Stock Value Style Last?</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow Long Will the US Stock Value Style Last?\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">雪涛宏观笔记</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-03-29 23:09</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>The core source of long-term relative returns for U.S. value vs. growth stocks is earnings, not valuations. What is significantly different from the Internet bubble period is that there is no obvious valuation bubble in value stocks compared with the current growth stocks (which may all be expensive). In the short term, this round of value style has lasted for 6 months, and it may be in the middle and late stage of the style advantage period (comparable average of 10 months). Value stocks are still expected to outperform growth stocks in the next quarter as a recovery deal, but it is recommended to lower the expectation of absolute returns of value stocks. In the long run, it is still unknown whether the style differentiation of value/growth can be reversed. If the US government promotes a series of institutional reforms to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor through tax increases, it should be mentally prepared for the trend reversal of style.<b>Introduction:</b></p><p>In August last year, the value stocks of U.S. stocks underperformed growth stocks for the first time, exceeding the level of science and technology bubble period. At that time, the market began to turn to cyclical value stocks. At the same time, the long-end US Treasury yields began to rebound sharply, driving the value/growth ratio to rebound from a historical low. Since February this year, the Nasdaq index, which represents the growth style, has had a continuous pullback/retracement, and the Dow Jones index, which represents the value style, has repeatedly hit new highs. When the style switching has become a fact, the discussion on whether the value style of U.S. stocks has ushered in a long-term inflection point has intensified.</p><p><b>Is style switching a long-term reversal or a short-term convergence, and how much room for deduction is there?</b>— Let's take the Russel 1000's value and growth index as an example to explore the answer to this question.</p><p><b>Core conclusions:</b></p><p><b>First, the core source of relative income between value stocks and growth stocks is profit, not valuation! At present, there is no obvious valuation bubble in growth stocks compared with value stocks (probably all expensive!), which is significantly different from the Internet bubble period.</b></p><p><b>Second, after 1981, the core of the downward trend of long-term bond interest rates is the low economic growth rate and low inflation caused by insufficient endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth. At present, the technical and institutional factors that lead to insufficient endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth and a long-term deflationary environment have not been improved.</b></p><p><b>Third, if the Treasury Bond market in the United States can't form a long-term bear market, the discussion of value over growth style may be limited to the short period. The peak and fall of nominal interest rate, real interest rate, CPI and inflation expectations are roughly the synchronization or leading indicators of the inflection point, and the inflection point of market style is earlier than the inflection point of relative profit.</b></p><p><b>Fourth, in the short period, this round of value style has lasted for 6 months, and it is in the middle and late stage of the style advantage period (comparable average of 10 months), and the excess return has also completed more than half of the historical average. The rapid upward phase of interest rates and inflation could come to an end in May this year. Therefore, value stocks as recovery trades are still expected to outperform growth stocks in the coming quarter, but it is recommended to lower expectations for absolute returns of value stocks.</b></p><p><b>Fifth, once the U.S. government begins to turn left and reform the distribution system based on liberal capitalism since the Reagan administration, the conditions for long-term interest rates to turn upward may arise. The equalization of income distribution may reverse the long-term deflation brought about by the widening gap between the rich and the poor in the past four decades, and promote the trend of recovery in the long-term interest rate hub.</b></p><p><b>Sixth, it is still unknown whether the style differentiation of long-term value/growth can be reversed. If the US government promotes a series of institutional reforms to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor through tax increases, it should be mentally prepared for the possible style trend reversal.</b></p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 1: 10-Year Treasury Bond Yield vs. Russel 1000 Value & Style Index Relative Returns</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/600e3efd47bf1b5bf01a8081ca124909\" tg-width=\"910\" tg-height=\"594\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>I. What determines the relative returns of value/growth style?</b></p><p>The core view supporting the long-term reversal of style is the reversal of the downward trend of long-term yields of U.S. bonds. We analyze from the perspective of the impact of long-end yields on EPS and valuations of value and growth stocks.</p><p><b>(1) The difference between long-term U.S. bond yield and value growth EPS is in the same direction</b></p><p>Financial statement measures related to operating leverage, such as turnover of assets, plant and equipment and net debt, differ significantly for value and growth companies. In a broad reflationary environment, value companies with relatively high levels of fixed assets will have a more noticeable improvement in turnover than growth companies. Value companies also have higher levels of net debt than growth companies. In the case of reinflation, compared with growth enterprises, the burden of repaying principal and interest of value enterprises will be relatively small. Therefore,<b>The downward movement in interest rates may hint at a slide in the relative earnings of value-based companies' EPS.</b></p><p>From the history of nearly 30 years,<b>The difference between EPS of value stocks and growth stocks is in good agreement with the short-term fluctuation of interest rates</b>。 However, the high point of each cycle moves downward in turn, which is in line with the long-term downward direction of interest rates. Among them, the short-term monetary policy interest rate was consistent with the fluctuation law of profit spread before 2008, but gradually deviated after the financial crisis, reflecting the slower response of monetary policy interest rate to economic profit cycle. The long-term 10-year US Treasury yields and earnings difference significantly deviated from 2003 to 2006. The difference between EPS of value stocks and growth stocks reached a new high in 2007, but the 10-year US Treasury yields was lower than the previous cycle high.</p><p><b>At the heart of the divergence is also the mystery of Greenspan's long-term interest rates</b>Short-term interest rates have risen, while long-term risk-free interest rates have fallen. Greenspan's explanation for this included:</p><p>1. The economic recovery of the United States combined with the deepening degree of globalization has led to the accumulation of increasingly large dollar surpluses by trading partners. On a global scale, the only place that can undertake this part of the foreign exchange reserves accumulated by the surplus is the Treasury Bond market in the United States.</p><p>2. With the inevitable increase in the retirement population (particularly in developed countries), the lack of funding for retirement schemes is a growing concern. Both pension funds and insurers have had to increase their share of long-term bonds in their portfolios.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 2: Before 2008, monetary policy cycles and value-to-growth earnings spreads approximated</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/61937bebe0692c423e53ccc1341518ff\" tg-width=\"568\" tg-height=\"296\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 3: 10Y US Treasury yields is in good agreement with the fluctuation of value growth earnings spread</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0213083f3bfc77aed3440308bd2fe7d3\" tg-width=\"824\" tg-height=\"431\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>(2) Declining long-term yields will not make growth stocks more expensive than value stocks</b></p><p><b>A broad view is that the downward trend of risk-free interest rates will bring more valuation premiums to growth stocks, but this perception is wrong!</b>Although the fluctuation of Treasury Bond yield is indeed ahead of the risk premium difference between value stocks and growth stocks from the perspective of short cycle, the risk premium of value stocks compared with growth stocks has not expanded because of the downward trend of risk-free interest rate from the perspective of long cycle.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 4: 10-Year Treasury Bond Interest Rate and Value to Growth Stock Risk Premium Difference</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/31507616ec0aec31a906ffcb6a74a3a9\" tg-width=\"478\" tg-height=\"297\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table>So, we conclude,<b>The core source of relative returns for value vs. growth stocks is earnings, not valuation! At present, there is no obvious valuation bubble in growth stocks compared with value stocks (probably all expensive!), which is significantly different from the Internet bubble period.</b></p><p>The downward trend of risk-free interest rates and the downward trend of style relative profitability (value stocks-growth stocks) both reflect the changes in the industrial structure of the U.S. economy. The use of capital and technology reduces labor costs and improves corporate efficiency and profitability, so the weighting of growth stocks represented by technology in the stock market does not match their contribution to the economy and employment (see Figure 6).<b>The key question of whether there will be a style reversal in the future is whether the industrial structure of the United States will change, causing value stock earnings, inflation and interest rates to continue upward.</b></p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 5: Except for the deviation from the Internet period (2000), the value-growth profit difference dominates the relative returns of the value-growth index</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b50730f74cd9d5269e52a4816dbcc27a\" tg-width=\"532\" tg-height=\"366\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 6: The weighting of growth stocks represented by technology in the stock market does not match their contribution to the economy and employment</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c8b2645041d5028dd3dc4a6684ec26ed\" tg-width=\"480\" tg-height=\"291\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: BEA, BLS, Standard & Poor's, Tianfeng Securities Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>Second, if there is a tax increase (and a series of institutional reforms that represent the left turn of American society), the 40-year downward trend of interest rates may end, and the style may be reversed</b></p><p>Looking back at the history of interest rates after World War II, the factors that contributed to the 40-year downward trend of interest rates have not changed.<b>The movement of nominal interest rates depends mainly on real economic growth and inflation.</b>After World War II, the yield of 10-year U.S. bonds was in high agreement with the trend of U.S. GDP growth and core CPI, and the peak appeared in the 1970s.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 7: 10-Year Treasury Bond Yield vs. US Real GDP Growth vs. Core CPI</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/51766a075b0ad18b0da629cc8019a2c4\" tg-width=\"475\" tg-height=\"326\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>The first phase of the interest rate rise cycle (1946-1970)</b>It is based on the real prosperity generated by positive feedback on the supply side and the demand side. During World War II, the U.S. government promoted supply-side reform in line with the current situation, upgraded the supply level of American manufacturing industry and supporting industries, accelerated the training of a large number of technical talents at the rate of wartime economy, and reproduced the barbaric advance of late 19th century in the application of new technologies. Roosevelt's New Deal pushed for labor relations legislation, narrowed the divide between rich and poor, and allowed American workers to obtain an eight-hour working week and other benefits. However, the increase in labor costs, residents' education level and female labor participation rate pushed labor productivity to a new height. On the demand side, the war has hit the global industry hard, and the industrial base needs to be rebuilt urgently. At this stage, the economy is growing rapidly, inflation is low, the unemployment rate continues to decline, and the polarization between the rich and the poor is narrowing.<b>Rising interest rates correspond to the acceleration of real economic growth.</b></p><p><b>Second stage of interest rate rise (1970-1981)</b>Established on the supply shock brought about by the oil crisis. During the two oil crises, the price of crude oil rose from less than $3 per barrel in 1973 to $45 in 1980. The postwar economic recovery was highly dependent on the energy support provided by the petrochemical industry. The price of crude oil rose, and the dollar depreciated after the collapse of Bretton Woods system, which brought imported inflation, and the ten-year Treasury Bond yield rose to the highest level since the founding of the United States. At this stage, the economy is in frequent recession, the price level remains at a high level, the unemployment rate rises,<b>The rise in interest rates mainly corresponds to high inflation brought about by the contraction of supply.</b></p><p><b>After 1981, the core of the downward trend of long-term bond interest rates is the low economic growth rate and low inflation caused by the insufficient endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth.</b></p><p>On the supply side, global innovation and economic progress since the 1970s have focused on a narrow field of human activity, more related to entertainment, communication, information collection and processing, and this part of social well-being improvement is not included in GDP. \"For other matters of human concern, including food, clothing, housing, transportation, health, working environment inside and outside the home, etc., the pace of progress has slowed down since 1970, both quantitatively and qualitatively.\" (Robert Gordon, The Rise and Fall of American Economic Growth)</p><p>On the demand side, the deterioration of income distribution mechanism has led to a long-term shortage of effective demand. The loosening of wage controls in 1973 has been an important reason for the increased polarization between rich and poor since then. The aging of the population in western countries appeared generally in the early 1980s. Combined with its high welfare system, labor supply and savings both declined, and capital investment was insufficient; In addition, in response to global competition, enterprises in developed countries relocated their industries to emerging markets to reduce costs, and residents' wage growth stagnated.</p><p><b>At present, the above factors that lead to the lack of endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth have not been improved.</b>Population aging and declining fertility rates in developed countries are still intensifying; Global innovation mainly focuses on business models, and hardware investment has not yet formed a qualitative change to improve social production efficiency; Technological progress and globalization have increased efficiency but undermined equity, and governments must do more to focus on vulnerable groups.</p><p>Human society does not evolve linearly, but leaps and bounds like quantum transition. It has been at a slow and stable energy level for a long time. Suddenly, it encountered some major changes, and the order, system and technology began to undergo profound changes, and the historical process began to accelerate until it entered the next new energy level of slow and stable development for a long time. The COVID-19 epidemic may be such a major change. When human beings encounter difficulties, cooperation and reform are more likely to emerge and enter the above-mentioned transitional development.</p><p><b>After the COVID-19 pandemic, some factors that changed the endogenous lack of momentum for long-term economic growth began to looming.</b>The Democratic Party is willing to reform the wealth distribution system, including raising income tax rates for the wealthy and large corporations, raising the minimum wage, boosting employment with traditional infrastructure, and increasing transfer payments for low-and middle-income earners. But the bipartisan and social polarization of political views in the United States has made this reform difficult (a microcosm of the Republican opposition to raising the minimum wage to $15 an hour). The bipartisan consensus could be antitrust enforcement against big tech companies, with Congress considering forcing tech giants to separate their dominant online platforms from other business units, and the Democrat-led House Judiciary Committee's antitrust subcommittee poised to propose sweeping reforms that could encourage innovation in the long run (as in the 1970s when IBM was spun off), improve social labor productivity and improve wealth distribution mechanisms.</p><p><b>Once the U.S. government begins to turn left and reform the distribution system based on liberal capitalism since the Reagan administration, conditions may arise for long-term interest rates to turn upward.</b>The equalization of income distribution could reverse the long-term deflation that has been brought about by the widening gap between the rich and the poor over the past four decades,<b>And promote the trend recovery of the long-term interest rate center.</b></p><p><b>In addition, there are also potential factors on the supply side that will drive the long-term recovery of interest rates.</b>Under the global trend of \"carbon neutrality\", the capital market is also driving the \"greening\" of the energy industry, which may lead to insufficient investment in traditional energy. For example, Shell, which has a more aggressive transition, plans to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. For this reason, the proportion of its capital expenditure in the upstream sector has shrunk from about 35% to 25-30% after 2025, while the proportion of renewable energy capital expenditure has increased. Correspondingly, the IRR of new capital expenditure also treats the return rate requirements of upstream sector and renewable energy differently. The return rate of capital expenditure of upstream sector should reach 20-25%, while the return rate of investment of renewable energy should only be no less than 10%. Not only energy, but commodity prices have been depressed over the past decade, raw material producers have cut capital expenditure to varying degrees, and the Covid pandemic has accelerated some capacity clearance.</p><p><b>Third, if the trend reversal of interest rates is not considered, how long can this round of style switching of growth value last?</b></p><p><b>If the U.S. Treasury Bond market fails to form a long-term bear market, the discussion of value over growth style may be limited to short periods.</b></p><p>We selected five indicators: inflation expectation, real interest rate, PMI, CPI and inventory year-on-year to examine the macro state of value stocks outperforming growth stocks since 2000. 2000.7-2001.3 and 2008.6-2008.12 are all stages of economic downturn, with PMI, inventory year-on-year and CPI all declining, and value stocks gain excess returns under the defensive strategy. The remaining four stages all show economic recovery, and most of the economic indicators are in a state of recovery. Inflation expectations and CPI recovery fluctuated at a high level; Except for 2001.11-2002.7, the bottom of real interest rate began to climb, and PMI fluctuated upward; Except 2012.5-2013.7, the inventory cycle is in the replenishment stage. Excluding this time (2020.9-2021.2) and the long bull period of value stocks (2003.12-2006.06), the average excess return of value stocks is 15.54%,<b>Average duration is 10 months</b>。 The most similar to this time is 2016.3-2016.12. This stage is the last round of small cycle recovery period, and the excess return of value stocks is 8.22%, which lasts for 10 months.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Table 1: Periods of Excess Return of Value Stocks vs. Growth Stocks</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c79f98fa6d41cc0bb8b40968953959c8\" tg-width=\"492\" tg-height=\"179\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 8: 1990-to-date inflation expectation (%), CPI year-on-year growth rate (%), inventory year-on-year growth rate (%)</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9497187cf6a6026f1ba5e5df2d759692\" tg-width=\"494\" tg-height=\"345\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 9: 1990-to-date Real Interest Rates and PMI</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b903d79a6e050f784a34a9525ddba907\" tg-width=\"485\" tg-height=\"315\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table>From the previous four style reversals (that is, the RUSSEL 1000 value/growth index turned from downward to upward),<b>Nominal interest rate, real interest rate, CPI, inflation expectations peak and fall are roughly inflection point synchronization or leading indicators</b>。 However, after 2008, value stocks can only eat the \"fish body\" of the rising interest rate or inflation, that is, the early stage of the rising interest rate or inflation from the bottom, but not the \"fish tail\" of the peak stage. This may be because the market thinks that the excess profit of value stocks can hardly last as long as 2003-2006.<b>The market's style inflection point also predates the relative profitability inflection point.</b></p><p>Profits in the industrial, materials and financial sectors are expected to rise 89%, 40% and 23% year-over-year, respectively, in 2021, while profits in the tech sector rose just 18%, showing the current dominance of value styles, according to FactSet.<b>This round of value style has lasted for 6 months, which may be in the middle and late stage of the style advantage period (comparable average of 10 months), and the excess return has also completed more than half of the historical average.</b></p><p>In terms of macro indicators,<b>CPI may fall back after the peak in May, and inflation expectations are already at an all-time high (99.5% quantile)</b>。 The recovery of shale oil production capacity in the United States is less than expected, giving OPEC room to continue to reduce production and maintain high oil prices. In the first half of the year, oil prices may fluctuate violently at a high level, but inflation expectations may fall with oil prices in the second half of the year. Judging from the previous rounds of historical experience, the inflation expectation is about half a year ahead of the real interest rate. Therefore, after the inflation expectation drops in the second half of the year, the real interest rate still has upside room. After stripping off the long-term trend, the current real interest rate (around-0.66%) remains at historically low levels (17.4% quantile). It is expected that the rebound high of real interest rates will be around 0.2%-0.3%, corresponding to the historical quantile of 70%-80%, which is about equal to the average level in 2019.</p><p><b>Based on our judgment of inflation and real interest rates, the phase of rapid upward movement in interest rates and inflation could end in May this year. Therefore, the short-term style advantage of value stocks may still last for a quarter, and whether the trend reversal in the long term will be determined by a series of institutional reforms that reverse income distribution and the wealth gap.</b></p><p>In terms of specific industries, commodity price increases, manufacturing replenishment and upward interest rate push<b>Sectors such as finance, energy, industry and raw materials led gains during the recovery period.</b>There is no obvious inventory cycle for healthcare, information technology, public utilities and telecommunications services, and the performance of core consumer goods is relatively stable and relatively less elastic. Non-core consumer products are excessively affected by amazon.<b>Energy stocks have now risen more than the historical average, and the gains of financial stocks have been fully realized</b>。</p><p>In the short term, we think<b>Value stocks as recovery deals are still expected to outperform growth stocks in the coming quarter, but it is recommended to lower expectations for absolute returns for value stocks; In the long run, it is still unknown whether the style differentiation of value/growth can be reversed in the trend. If the US government promotes a series of institutional reforms to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor through tax increases, it should be mentally prepared for the possible style trend reversal.</b></p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Table 2: Performance of various industries during the recovery phase</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6228f37247756967ffbc3aa57083aa9d\" tg-width=\"460\" tg-height=\"249\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI0MzMzNzczNQ==&mid=2247495039&idx=1&sn=c64cff2fab379436f872324dadae5a4b&chksm=e96c3217de1bbb01c4cdf1ef8dcdeda0fd65adfedf8aff752e2d35d9bb926099814cf31cf9bb&mpshare=1&scene=23&srcid=03271858VKgyWAwMRniMvBl0&sharer_sharetime=1616837119379&sharer_shareid=fbf3e6a28882bb91c07a361d6d431142#rd\">雪涛宏观笔记</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1fc1f5e2fa377c378fa230c10e0849a2","relate_stocks":{".SPX":"S&P 500 Index",".DJI":"道琼斯",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite"},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI0MzMzNzczNQ==&mid=2247495039&idx=1&sn=c64cff2fab379436f872324dadae5a4b&chksm=e96c3217de1bbb01c4cdf1ef8dcdeda0fd65adfedf8aff752e2d35d9bb926099814cf31cf9bb&mpshare=1&scene=23&srcid=03271858VKgyWAwMRniMvBl0&sharer_sharetime=1616837119379&sharer_shareid=fbf3e6a28882bb91c07a361d6d431142#rd","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1192792909","content_text":"美股价值股与成长股长期相对收益的核心来源是盈利，而不是估值。与科网泡沫时期显著不同的是当前成长股相比价值股并不存在明显的估值泡沫（可能都贵）。短期来看，本轮价值风格已持续了6个月，可能处于风格优势期的中后期（可比平均10个月），价值股作为复苏交易在未来一个季度仍有望跑赢成长股，但建议放低对价值股绝对收益的预期。长期来看，价值/成长的风格分化能否趋势性逆转仍然未知，如果美国政府通过加税推动一系列缩小贫富差距的制度改革，要做好风格趋势性逆转的心理准备。引言：去年8月，美股价值股跑输成长股的幅度首次超过科网泡沫时期水平，当时市场开始出现转向周期价值股的观点，同一时间长端美债利率开始剧烈反弹，带动价值/成长比值从历史低位回升。今年2月以来，代表成长风格的纳斯达克指数连续回撤，代表价值风格的道琼斯指数屡创新高。当风格切换已成为事实后，关于美股价值风格是否迎来长期拐点的讨论愈演愈烈。风格切换是长期反转还是短期收敛，还有多少演绎空间？——我们以Russel 1000的价值和成长指数为例，探讨该问题的答案。核心结论：第一、价值股与成长股相对收益的核心来源是盈利，而不是估值！当前成长股相比价值股并不存在明显的估值泡沫（可能都贵！），这与科网泡沫时期是显著不同的。第二、1981年后，长期债券利率下行的内核是经济增长内生动能不足带来的低经济增速、低通胀现象。目前来看，导致经济增长内生动能不足、长期通缩环境的技术因素和制度因素仍未得到改善。第三、如果美国国债市场无法形成长期熊市，价值优于成长风格的讨论可能仅仅局限于短周期。名义利率、实际利率、CPI、通胀预期触顶回落大致是拐点同步或领先指标，市场的风格拐点也早于相对盈利拐点。第四、短周期看，本轮价值风格已持续了6个月，处于风格优势期的中后期（可比平均10个月），超额收益也完成了历史均值的一大半。利率和通胀快速上行的阶段可能在今年5月结束。因此价值股作为复苏交易在未来一个季度仍有望跑赢成长股，但建议放低对价值股绝对收益的预期。第五、一旦美国政府开始左转，改革里根政府以来以自由资本主义为基础的分配制度，长期利率转为趋势上行的条件可能出现。收入分配的均衡化可能扭转过去四十年贫富差距拉大带来的长期通缩局面，并推动长期利率中枢趋势性回升。第六、长期价值/成长的风格分化能否趋势性逆转仍然未知，如果美国政府通过加税推动一系列缩小贫富差距的制度改革，要做好可能发生风格趋势性逆转的心理准备。图1：10年期国债收益率与Russel 1000 价值与风格指数相对收益资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所一、价值/成长风格的相对收益由什么决定？支持风格长期反转的核心观点是美债长端收益率下行趋势的扭转。我们从长端收益率对价值股和成长股每股盈利和估值影响的角度予以分析。（1）长端美债收益率方向与价值成长EPS之差同向对于价值型公司和成长型公司来说，与经营杠杆相关的财务报表指标，如资产、工厂和设备的周转率和净债务，有显著的不同。在一个广泛的通货再膨胀环境中，拥有相对较高固定资产水平的价值型公司将比成长型公司在周转率方面有更明显的改善。价值型公司的净债务水平也高于成长型公司。在通货再膨胀的情况下，相对成长型企业，价值型企业还本付息的负担会相对较小。因此，利率的下行可能暗示了价值型公司EPS相对收益的下滑。从近30年的历史来看，价值股与成长股EPS之差与利率短周期波动较为吻合。但每轮周期的高点依次下移，符合利率长期下行的方向。其中短端货币政策利率在2008年前与盈利差波动规律一致，但在金融危机后逐渐背离，反映货币政策利率对经济盈利周期响应变慢。长端十年期美债利率与盈利差在2003-2006年有显著背离，价值股与成长股EPS之差在07年创下新高，但十年期美债利率却比上一轮周期高点更低。背离的核心也是格林斯潘长期利率之谜，短期利率上升，长期无风险利率却下降。格林斯潘对此的解释包括：1. 美国经济复苏叠加全球化程度加深，导致贸易伙伴累积了越来越庞大的美元顺差。而在全球范围内，唯一有能力承接这部分由顺差累积而来的外汇储备的地方，就是美国国债市场。2. 随着退休人口不可避免的增加（尤其是在发达国家），退休计划的资金供给不足日益引起关注。养老基金和保险公司都不得不在自己的投资组合中加大对长期债券的份额。图2：2008年之前，货币政策周期与价值与成长盈利差走势接近资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所图3：10Y美债利率与价值成长盈利差的波动较为吻合资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所（2）长端收益率下行并不会导致成长股比价值股更贵一种广泛的观点认为无风险利率的下行会给成长股带来更多的估值溢价，但这个认知是错误的！尽管从短周期的角度看国债收益率的波动的确领先价值股与成长股的风险溢价差，但拉长周期看，价值股相比成长股的风险溢价并没有因为无风险利率的下行而扩大。图4：10年期国债利率与价值同成长股风险溢价差资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所因此，我们总结，价值股与成长股相对收益的核心来源是盈利，而不是估值！当前成长股相比价值股并不存在明显的估值泡沫（可能都贵！），这与科网泡沫时期是显著不同的。无风险利率下行与风格相对盈利（价值股-成长股）的下行均反映了美国经济产业结构的变化。资本和技术的运用减少了人力成本，提高了企业效率和盈利，因此以科技为代表的成长股在股市中的权重与对经济和就业的贡献并不匹配（见图6）。未来是否出现风格逆转的关键问题是美国产业结构是否会发生变化，导致价值股盈利、通胀和利率持续上行。图5：除了科网时期（2000）的背离，价值与成长的盈利差主导了价值与成长指数的相对收益资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所图6：以科技为代表的成长股在股市中的权重与对经济和就业的贡献并不匹配资料来源：BEA, BLS, Standard & Poor's，天风证券研究所二、如果出现加税（以及一系列代表美国社会左转的制度改革），四十年利率下行的趋势可能终结，风格有趋势性逆转的可能回顾二战后的利率史，导致利率长达40年下行的因素并未改变。名义利率的走势主要取决于实际经济增长和通胀。二战后，10年期美债收益率与美国GDP增速和核心CPI的走势有较高的一致性，峰值出现在1970年代。图7：10年期国债收益率与美国实际GDP增速与核心CPI资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所利率上升周期的第一阶段（1946年-1970年）建立在供给侧与需求侧正反馈产生的真实繁荣基础上。二战期间，美国政府顺应时势推动了供给侧改革，升级了美国制造业及配套产业的供给水平，以战时经济的速率加速培养了大批量的技术人才，在新技术的应用方面再现了19世纪后期的野蛮式突进。罗斯福新政力推劳资关系立法，贫富分化收窄，让美国工人获得了8小时工作制及其他福利，但相对劳动成本的提升，居民受教育程度、女性劳动参与率的提高将劳动生产率推升至新的高度。需求端，战争重创全球产业，百废待兴，工业基础亟待重建。本阶段经济高速增长，通胀较低，失业率持续下降，贫富分化收窄。利率上升对应的是实际经济增长的加速。利率上升的第二阶段（1970年-1981年）建立在石油危机带来的供给冲击上。两次石油危机期间，原油价格从1973年的每桶不到3美元涨到了1980年的45美元，战后经济复苏高度依赖石油化工产业提供的能源支持，原油价格上涨，布雷顿森林体系破裂后美元贬值，带来输入性通胀，十年期国债收益率升至美国建国以来的最高水平。本阶段，经济频繁衰退，物价水平持续位于高位，失业率上升，利率上升主要对应的是供给收缩带来的高通货膨胀。1981年后，长期债券利率下行的内核是经济增长内生动能不足带来的低经济增速、低通胀现象。供给端，70年代以来的全球创新和经济进步聚焦在人类活动的一个狭窄领域，更多是同娱乐、通信、信息收集和处理有关，而这部分social well-being的提高并没有计入GDP，“对于人类所关心的其他事务，包括食品、服装、住房、交通、健康、家庭内外的工作环境等，无论是从定量还是定性的角度看，在1970年之后进步速度都已经放缓。”（《美国经济增长的起落》罗伯特戈登）需求端，收入分配机制恶化导致了长期的有效需求不足。1973年松绑的工资控制政策是此后贫富分化加剧的一个重要原因。西方国家人口老龄化普遍出现在1980年初期，结合其高福利制度，劳动力供给和储蓄双双下降，资本投资不足；此外，为应对全球竞争发达国家企业将产业迁往新兴市场以降低成本，居民工资增长停滞。目前来看，以上导致经济增长内生动能不足的因素仍未得到改善。发达国家人口老龄化、生育率下降仍在加剧；全球创新主要聚焦于商业模式，硬件投入尚未形成提高社会生产效率的质变；技术进步和全球化提高了效率，但有损公平，政府必须要付出更多努力关注弱势群体。人类社会并不是线性演进的，而是像量子跃迁一样跳跃式发展，长期处在一个缓慢稳定发展的能级，突然遇到一些重大变化，秩序、制度、技术开始发生深刻变化，历史的进程开始加速，直到进入下一个长期缓慢稳定发展的新能级。新冠疫情可能就是这样一个重大变化，当人类遇到困境时，合作和改革才更有可能出现，进入到上面所说的跃迁式发展。新冠疫情之后，一些改变长期经济增长内生动力不足的因素开始若隐若现。民主党有意愿改革财富分配制度，包括提高富人和大企业的所得税率，提高最低工资，传统基建拉动就业，增加对中低收入者的转移支付等。但美国两党、社会的政治观点极化让这项改革变得困难重重（共和党反对将最低工资提升至每小时15美元，即是政治极化的一个缩影）。两党的共识可能是对大型科技企业的反垄断执法，国会考虑迫使科技巨头将它们占据主导地位的在线平台与其他业务部门分开，由民主党人领导的众议院司法委员会反垄断小组委员会准备提出全面改革，这可能在长期会鼓励创新（如同1970年代IBM被分拆），提高社会劳动生产率，改善财富分配机制。一旦美国政府开始左转，改革里根政府以来以自由资本主义为基础的分配制度，长期利率转为趋势上行的条件可能出现。收入分配的均衡化可能扭转过去四十年贫富差距拉大带来的长期通缩局面，并推动长期利率中枢趋势性回升。除此之外，供给侧也存在推动利率长期回升的潜在因素。全球“碳中和”趋势下，资本市场亦在驱动能源行业“绿色化”，这可能导致传统能源投资不足。例如转型比较激进的壳牌公司（Shell）计划到2050年达到碳中和目标。为此，其在上游板块的资本开支比例从35％左右缩减到2025年之后25-30％，而可再生能源资本开支比例提升。相应的，新增资本开支的IRR对上游板块和可再生能源的回报率要求也差别对待，上游板块的资本开支回报率要达到20-25％，而对可再生能源投资回报率要求仅不低于10％。不仅是能源，过去10年大宗商品价格低迷，原材料生产商不同程度地削减了资本开支，新冠疫情也加速了部分产能出清。三、如果不考虑利率的趋势性逆转，这一轮成长价值的风格切换能持续多久？如果美国国债市场无法形成长期熊市，价值优于成长风格的讨论可能仅仅局限于短周期。我们选取了通胀预期、实际利率、PMI、CPI、库存同比5个指标考察2000年以来价值股跑赢成长股的宏观状态。2000.7-2001.3和2008.6-2008.12均是经济下行阶段，PMI、库存同比、CPI均下行，防御策略下价值股收获超额收益。剩余4个阶段均表现为经济复苏，各项经济指标大多处于回升状态。通胀预期和CPI回升在高位震荡；除2001.11-2002.7外，实际利率底部开始攀升，PMI震荡上行；除2012.5-2013.7外，库存周期处于补库阶段。除去本次（2020.9-2021.2）和价值股长牛期（2003.12-2006.06），价值股的超额收益平均为15.54%，平均持续时长为10个月。与本次最为类似的是2016.3-2016.12，此阶段为上一轮小周期复苏期，价值股的超额收益为8.22%，持续了10个月。表1：历次价值股相对成长股超额收益时期资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所图8：1990-至今通胀预期(%)、CPI同比增速(%)、库存同比增速(%)资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所图9：1990-至今实际利率和PMI资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所从之前四次风格反转（即RUSSEL 1000 value/growth指数由下行转为上行）时点来看，名义利率、实际利率、CPI、通胀预期触顶回落大致是拐点同步或领先指标。但08年后，价值股只能吃到利率或通胀上行的“鱼身”，也即利率或通胀从底部上行的早期阶段，吃不到冲顶阶段的“鱼尾”，这可能是因为市场认为价值股超额盈利持续时间难以像2003-2006年那么长，市场的风格拐点也早于相对盈利拐点。FactSet的数据显示，预计2021年工业、材料和金融行业的利润将分别同比增长89％、40％和23％，而科技行业的利润仅增长18％，显示当前价值风格占优。本轮价值风格已持续了6个月，可能处于风格优势期的中后期（可比平均10个月），超额收益也完成了历史均值的一大半。宏观指标来看，CPI可能在5月冲顶后回落，通胀预期也已经处在历史高位（99.5%分位）。美国页岩油产能恢复不及预期给了OPEC继续减产维持高油价的空间，上半年油价可能在高位剧烈震荡，但下半年通胀预期可能随油价回落。从之前几轮历史经验来看，通胀预期领先实际利率半年左右，因此下半年通胀预期回落后，实际利率仍有上行空间。剥离长期趋势后，当前实际利率（-0.66%左右）仍然处在历史较低水平（17.4%分位）。预计实际利率的反弹高点大约在0.2%-0.3%左右，对应70%-80%历史分位，约等于2019年的平均水平。根据我们对通胀和实际利率的判断，利率和通胀快速上行的阶段可能在今年5月结束。因此，价值股的短期风格优势可能仍能持续一个季度，长期是否能趋势性逆转将由一系列逆转收入分配和贫富差距的制度改革所决定。具体行业来看，大宗商品涨价、制造业补库和利率上行推动金融、能源、工业和原材料等行业在复苏期涨幅领先。医疗保健，信息技术、公共事业、电信服务没有明显的库存周期，核心消费品业绩较为稳定，相对弹性较小。非核心消费品受amazon影响过大。目前能源股涨幅已超过历史均值水平，金融股的涨幅也已充分兑现。短期来看，我们认为价值股作为复苏交易在未来一个季度仍有望跑赢成长股，但建议放低对价值股绝对收益的预期；长期来看，价值/成长的风格分化能否趋势性逆转仍然未知，如果美国政府通过加税推动一系列缩小贫富差距的制度改革，要做好可能发生风格趋势性逆转的心理准备。表2：各行业在复苏阶段表现资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{".DJI":0.9,".IXIC":0.9,".SPX":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":6134,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":353965204,"gmtCreate":1616456446908,"gmtModify":1704794250984,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3576125208282503","authorIdStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Good","listText":"Good","text":"Good","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/353965204","repostId":"2121510889","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4066,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":359514553,"gmtCreate":1616412647872,"gmtModify":1704793691276,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3576125208282503","authorIdStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Hao","listText":"Hao","text":"Hao","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/359514553","repostId":"1159315281","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1159315281","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"为用户提供金融资讯、行情、数据，旨在帮助投资者理解世界，做投资决策。","home_visible":1,"media_name":"老虎资讯综合","id":"102","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1616406415,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1159315281?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-03-22 17:46","market":"hk","language":"zh","title":"The margin subscription amount of Bilibili reached HK$35.55 billion, 52.3 times over the amount","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1159315281","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"综合券商数据显示，哔哩哔哩的孖展认购金额达355.5亿港元，相当于公开招股部分超额认购52.3倍。","content":"<p>Comprehensive brokerage data shows that,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/09626\">Bilibili</a>The margin subscription amount amounted to HK$35.55 billion, equivalent to 52.3 times of the oversubscription of the public offering portion.</p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>The margin subscription amount of Bilibili reached HK$35.55 billion, 52.3 times over the amount</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nThe margin subscription amount of Bilibili reached HK$35.55 billion, 52.3 times over the amount\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2021-03-22 17:46</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>Comprehensive brokerage data shows that,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/09626\">Bilibili</a>The margin subscription amount amounted to HK$35.55 billion, equivalent to 52.3 times of the oversubscription of the public offering portion.</p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5864d278f2595d2e7918e2cb2d118419","relate_stocks":{"09626":"哔哩哔哩-W","BILI":"哔哩哔哩"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1159315281","content_text":"综合券商数据显示，哔哩哔哩的孖展认购金额达355.5亿港元，相当于公开招股部分超额认购52.3倍。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"BILI":0.9,"09626":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4098,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":327904505,"gmtCreate":1616045509607,"gmtModify":1704790168379,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3576125208282503","authorIdStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"2233","listText":"2233","text":"2233","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/327904505","repostId":"1146319399","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1146319399","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"为用户提供金融资讯、行情、数据，旨在帮助投资者理解世界，做投资决策。","home_visible":1,"media_name":"老虎资讯综合","id":"102","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1616029606,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1146319399?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-03-18 09:06","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"Bilibili Hong Kong stocks are offering today, with a first-hand entry fee of about HK$19,959","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1146319399","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"3月18日消息，$哔哩哔哩 $于2021年3月18日至3月23日招股，公开发售价将不超过每股香港发售股份988.00港元，每手20股，股票代码为“ 9626”。预计将在2021年3月29日（星期一）挂牌上市。每手20股，入场费19959.12港元。乙组门槛为6000股，申购所需资金约5987763.46港元。截至2021年3月17日美股收盘，哔哩哔哩的总市值已达到392亿美元。根据招股书，哔哩哔哩尚未实现盈利，2018年至2020年产生净亏损人民币5.65亿元、13.04亿元及30.54亿元。","content":"<p>March 18th news,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BILI\">Bilibili</a>（<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/09626\">$(09626)$</a>. HK) from 18 March to 23 March 2021, the Public Offer Price will not exceed HK$988.00 per Hong Kong Offer Share in board lots of 20 Shares under the stock code \"9626\". It is expected to be listed on Monday, March 29, 2021.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/da523cc810f669b6583bebf395b1d418\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"442\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><b>Subscription ladder:</b></p><p>20 shares per lot with an admission fee of HK$19,959.12.</p><p>The threshold of Group B is 6,000 shares, and the funds required for subscription are about HK$5,987,763.46.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/244f0536c2e47327abe28219456ab2c7\" tg-width=\"653\" tg-height=\"372\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">It is reported that Bilibili originated from the ACG content community website founded in 2009. At present, it has developed into an iconic brand and a leading video community for China's younger generation, providing a large number of rich content to meet the diverse interests of young people. The platform centers on professional user-generated video (PUGV), supplemented by live broadcast, professional organization-generated video (OGV), etc. The content categories cover many fields such as life, games, entertainment, animation, technology and knowledge.</p><p>In March 2018, the company was listed on NASDAQ in the United States under the code \"BILI\". Since its listing for nearly three years,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BILI.US\">Bilibili</a>The stock price has risen by more than 800%. As of the close of U.S. stocks on March 17, 2021, Bilibili's total market capitalization has reached $39.2 billion.</p><p>Bilibili has a large and rapidly growing user base. In 20Q4, the monthly active users of the platform reached 202 million, a year-on-year increase of 55%. At the same time, Bilibili mobile monthly active users increased by 49% between 2019 and 2020, which was the highest growth rate of mobile monthly active users among the top ten video mobile applications in China in 2020, which was higher than the average growth rate of the other nine video mobile applications (11.9%) in the same period.</p><p>In terms of revenue structure, the company has realized diversified monetization models, mainly generating revenue from mobile games, value-added services, advertising, e-commerce and other aspects. Benefiting from the rapid growth of various business segments, Bilibili's revenue has grown rapidly in recent years. From 2018 to 2020, the net turnover of the Company was RMB4.129 billion, RMB6.778 billion and RMB11.999 billion, respectively, with a CAGR of 70.5%. The gross profit margin for the same periods was 20.7%, 17.6% and 23.7%, respectively.</p><p>According to the prospectus, Bilibili has not yet achieved profitability and incurred net losses of RMB565 million, RMB1,304 million and RMB3,054 million from 2018 to 2020.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8ffa01204ffbd3bc6a65cb3cca169162\" tg-width=\"700\" tg-height=\"646\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">In terms of industry, pan-video platforms in China are mainly commercialized through advertising, mobile games, live streaming, membership and paid content and other channels. Since 2016, various commercialization channels in the pan-video market in China have grown significantly and are expected to continue to expand at a relatively high rate in the future. Among them, Z + generation, as the driving force and trend leader of all kinds of online consumption in China, is regarded as the golden group in the pan-video market.</p><p>Video content has become an important way for Gen Z + to communicate and interact. In 2020, Gen Z + reached 452 million people, of which 74.3% watched various forms of video content, and this penetration rate is expected to further increase to 99.1% by 2025.</p><p>Generation Z + has become the most important pillar of China's pan-video market, accounting for 64.8% of the market size of the pan-video market in 2019, and the per capita output value increased from RMB516 in 2016 to RMB1,280 in 2019, and then to RMB3,042 in 2025.</p><p>It is worth noting that according to the prospectus, Chen Rui, chairman and CEO of the board of directors, holds 14.2% of the shares and is the largest shareholder of the company;<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00700\">Tencent Holdings</a>With 12.4% of the shares, it is its second largest shareholder; President Xu Yi holds 8% of the shares and is the third largest shareholder of the company;<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BABA\">Alibaba</a>Taobao China Holdings Limited is the fourth largest shareholder with a 6.7% stake.</p><p>For financing purposes, the IPO is expected to receive net proceeds from the Global Offering of approximately HK$24.3 billion (after deducting underwriting commissions and other estimated expenses in connection with the Global Offering) based on the ceiling of the Offer Price of HK$988. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Share Offer for the following purposes: 50% for the Company's content to support the Company's healthy and high-quality user growth; 20% for research and development; 20% for sales and marketing; 10% for general corporate purposes and working capital requirements.</p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Bilibili Hong Kong stocks are offering today, with a first-hand entry fee of about HK$19,959</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nBilibili Hong Kong stocks are offering today, with a first-hand entry fee of about HK$19,959\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2021-03-18 09:06</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>March 18th news,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BILI\">Bilibili</a>（<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/09626\">$(09626)$</a>. HK) from 18 March to 23 March 2021, the Public Offer Price will not exceed HK$988.00 per Hong Kong Offer Share in board lots of 20 Shares under the stock code \"9626\". It is expected to be listed on Monday, March 29, 2021.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/da523cc810f669b6583bebf395b1d418\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"442\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><b>Subscription ladder:</b></p><p>20 shares per lot with an admission fee of HK$19,959.12.</p><p>The threshold of Group B is 6,000 shares, and the funds required for subscription are about HK$5,987,763.46.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/244f0536c2e47327abe28219456ab2c7\" tg-width=\"653\" tg-height=\"372\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">It is reported that Bilibili originated from the ACG content community website founded in 2009. At present, it has developed into an iconic brand and a leading video community for China's younger generation, providing a large number of rich content to meet the diverse interests of young people. The platform centers on professional user-generated video (PUGV), supplemented by live broadcast, professional organization-generated video (OGV), etc. The content categories cover many fields such as life, games, entertainment, animation, technology and knowledge.</p><p>In March 2018, the company was listed on NASDAQ in the United States under the code \"BILI\". Since its listing for nearly three years,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BILI.US\">Bilibili</a>The stock price has risen by more than 800%. As of the close of U.S. stocks on March 17, 2021, Bilibili's total market capitalization has reached $39.2 billion.</p><p>Bilibili has a large and rapidly growing user base. In 20Q4, the monthly active users of the platform reached 202 million, a year-on-year increase of 55%. At the same time, Bilibili mobile monthly active users increased by 49% between 2019 and 2020, which was the highest growth rate of mobile monthly active users among the top ten video mobile applications in China in 2020, which was higher than the average growth rate of the other nine video mobile applications (11.9%) in the same period.</p><p>In terms of revenue structure, the company has realized diversified monetization models, mainly generating revenue from mobile games, value-added services, advertising, e-commerce and other aspects. Benefiting from the rapid growth of various business segments, Bilibili's revenue has grown rapidly in recent years. From 2018 to 2020, the net turnover of the Company was RMB4.129 billion, RMB6.778 billion and RMB11.999 billion, respectively, with a CAGR of 70.5%. The gross profit margin for the same periods was 20.7%, 17.6% and 23.7%, respectively.</p><p>According to the prospectus, Bilibili has not yet achieved profitability and incurred net losses of RMB565 million, RMB1,304 million and RMB3,054 million from 2018 to 2020.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8ffa01204ffbd3bc6a65cb3cca169162\" tg-width=\"700\" tg-height=\"646\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">In terms of industry, pan-video platforms in China are mainly commercialized through advertising, mobile games, live streaming, membership and paid content and other channels. Since 2016, various commercialization channels in the pan-video market in China have grown significantly and are expected to continue to expand at a relatively high rate in the future. Among them, Z + generation, as the driving force and trend leader of all kinds of online consumption in China, is regarded as the golden group in the pan-video market.</p><p>Video content has become an important way for Gen Z + to communicate and interact. In 2020, Gen Z + reached 452 million people, of which 74.3% watched various forms of video content, and this penetration rate is expected to further increase to 99.1% by 2025.</p><p>Generation Z + has become the most important pillar of China's pan-video market, accounting for 64.8% of the market size of the pan-video market in 2019, and the per capita output value increased from RMB516 in 2016 to RMB1,280 in 2019, and then to RMB3,042 in 2025.</p><p>It is worth noting that according to the prospectus, Chen Rui, chairman and CEO of the board of directors, holds 14.2% of the shares and is the largest shareholder of the company;<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00700\">Tencent Holdings</a>With 12.4% of the shares, it is its second largest shareholder; President Xu Yi holds 8% of the shares and is the third largest shareholder of the company;<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BABA\">Alibaba</a>Taobao China Holdings Limited is the fourth largest shareholder with a 6.7% stake.</p><p>For financing purposes, the IPO is expected to receive net proceeds from the Global Offering of approximately HK$24.3 billion (after deducting underwriting commissions and other estimated expenses in connection with the Global Offering) based on the ceiling of the Offer Price of HK$988. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Share Offer for the following purposes: 50% for the Company's content to support the Company's healthy and high-quality user growth; 20% for research and development; 20% for sales and marketing; 10% for general corporate purposes and working capital requirements.</p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7c7f2e3ab9856d4cdcb423e2c4f7a729","relate_stocks":{"BILI":"哔哩哔哩","09626":"哔哩哔哩-W"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1146319399","content_text":"3月18日消息，哔哩哔哩（$(09626)$.HK）于2021年3月18日至3月23日招股，公开发售价将不超过每股香港发售股份988.00港元，每手20股，股票代码为“ 9626”。预计将在2021年3月29日（星期一）挂牌上市。申购阶梯：每手20股，入场费19959.12港元。乙组门槛为6000股，申购所需资金约5987763.46港元。据悉，哔哩哔哩起源于2009年创立的ACG内容型社区网站，目前已发展成为中国年轻一代的标志性品牌及领先的视频社区，提供大量丰富的内容以满足年轻人多元的兴趣。平台以专业用户生成视频（PUGV）为中心，辅以直播、专业机构生成视频（OGV）等，内容品类覆盖生活、游戏、娱乐、动漫、科技和知识等众多领域。2018年3月，公司在美国纳斯达克上市，代码“BILI”，上市近三年以来，哔哩哔哩的股价已经上涨超800%。截至2021年3月17日美股收盘，哔哩哔哩的总市值已达到392亿美元。哔哩哔哩拥有庞大且快速增长的用户基础。20Q4，平台月活用户达到2.02亿人，同比增长55%。同时，哔哩哔哩移动端月活用户于2019年至2020年间增长49%，为2020年中国前十大视频移动端应用中移动端月活用户增长幅度最高，高于其余九大视频移动端应用在同期的平均增长率(11.9%)。营收结构方面，公司实现了多元的变现模式，主要从移动游戏、增值服务、广告、电商及其他方面带来收入。受益于各业务板块高速增长，哔哩哔哩近年来营收增长迅猛，2018年至2020年，公司净营业额分别为人民币41.29亿元、67.78亿元及119.99亿元，复合年增长率为70.5%；同期毛利率分别为20.7%、17.6%及23.7%。根据招股书，哔哩哔哩尚未实现盈利，2018年至2020年产生净亏损人民币5.65亿元、13.04亿元及30.54亿元。行业方面，中国的泛视频平台主要通过广告、移动游戏、直播、会员和付费内容及其他渠道进行商业化。自2016年以来，中国泛视频市场的各种商业化渠道显著增长，预期未来将以相对较高的速度继续扩张。其中，Z+世代作为中国各类线上消费的驱动力和趋势引领者，被视为泛视频市场的黄金群体。视频内容已经成为Z+世代交流和互动的重要途径。2020年Z+世代达到4.52亿人，其中74.3%观看各种形式的视频内容，预期到2025年此渗透率将进一步提升到99.1%。Z+世代已成为中国泛视频市场最重要的支柱，2019年占泛视频市场市场规模的64.8%，人均产值从2016年的人民币516元增加至2019年的人民币1280元，再到2025年的人民币3042元。值得关注的是，根据招股书显示，董事会主席兼CEO陈睿持股14.2%，为公司最大股东；腾讯控股持股12.4%为其第二大股东；总裁徐逸持股8%，为公司第三大股东；阿里巴巴淘宝中国控股有限公司为第四大股东，持股6.7%。筹资用途方面，以发售价的上限988港元计算，此次IPO预计自全球发售收取所得款项净额约243亿港元（经扣除包销佣金及与全球发售有关的其他估计开支）。公司拟将股份发售所得款项净额用于以下用途：50%用于公司的内容以支持公司的健康和高质量的用户增长；20%用于研发；20%用于销售及营销；10%用于一般公司用途及运营资本需要。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"BILI":0.9,"09626":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4700,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":324040427,"gmtCreate":1615946300669,"gmtModify":1704788775364,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3576125208282503","authorIdStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Down&nbsp;","listText":"Down&nbsp;","text":"Down","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4bf42df917a2bc4c06b34b1a97f97a44","width":"1440","height":"4156"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/324040427","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4042,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":324057851,"gmtCreate":1615946219673,"gmtModify":1704788775906,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3576125208282503","authorIdStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Expect to fall","listText":"Expect to fall","text":"Expect to fall","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8bdeaaf7f546e9569ce127096cb7292b","width":"1440","height":"4156"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/324057851","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4519,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"hots":[{"id":341533622,"gmtCreate":1617839211766,"gmtModify":1704703708281,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576125208282503","idStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"go","listText":"go","text":"go","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/341533622","repostId":"2125186725","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"2125186725","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1617816543,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/2125186725?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-04-08 01:29","market":"sh","language":"zh","title":"Millet's car-making heat is still there, and Didi \"gears up\" is ready to enter the game","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2125186725","media":"中国证券报-中证网","summary":"截至发稿，滴滴方面对此事未予置评。小米全力以赴造车除了滴滴以外，关于小米造车的热度依然不减。4月6日晚，小米集团董事长兼CEO雷军在粉“OpenDay”上再次回应了小米造车计划，称将“全力以赴为‘米粉’造好车”。3月30日，小米集团在港交所发布公告，董事会正式批准智能电动汽车业务立项，拟成立一家全资子公司，负责智能电动汽车业务。科技公司入局智能汽车“新战场”，新一轮“智能汽车大战”或将拉开帷幕。","content":"<p><div>The popularity of Xiaomi's car-building has not decreased, and Didi has reported the news of car-building. In 2021, with the official announcement of Baidu and Xiaomi to build cars, technology companies gradually moved from behind the scenes to the front stage, and their voices in the automobile field became more and more intensive. Insiders pointed out that the automotive electronics industry will become another great development opportunity at the whole industry chain level after home appliances, PCs and mobile phones. The automotive electronics industry has entered a new round of technological innovation cycle, and its penetration rate and value will be greatly improved, with a market space exceeding one trillion yuan. Didi builds cars? On the evening of April 6th, it was reported that Didi started the car building project, and the person in charge was Yang Jun, vice president of Didi and general manager of Xiaoju Car Service....</p><p><a href=\"https://cj.sina.cn/article/normal_detail?url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2021-04-08/doc-ikmxzfmk5553014.shtml\">Web link</a></div></p>","source":"sina_symbol","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Millet's car-making heat is still there, and Didi \"gears up\" is ready to enter the game</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nMillet's car-making heat is still there, and Didi \"gears up\" is ready to enter the game\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">中国证券报-中证网</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-04-08 01:29</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><div>The popularity of Xiaomi's car-building has not decreased, and Didi has reported the news of car-building. In 2021, with the official announcement of Baidu and Xiaomi to build cars, technology companies gradually moved from behind the scenes to the front stage, and their voices in the automobile field became more and more intensive. Insiders pointed out that the automotive electronics industry will become another great development opportunity at the whole industry chain level after home appliances, PCs and mobile phones. The automotive electronics industry has entered a new round of technological innovation cycle, and its penetration rate and value will be greatly improved, with a market space exceeding one trillion yuan. Didi builds cars? On the evening of April 6th, it was reported that Didi started the car building project, and the person in charge was Yang Jun, vice president of Didi and general manager of Xiaoju Car Service....</p><p><a href=\"https://cj.sina.cn/article/normal_detail?url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2021-04-08/doc-ikmxzfmk5553014.shtml\">Web link</a></div></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://cj.sina.cn/article/normal_detail?url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2021-04-08/doc-ikmxzfmk5553014.shtml\">中国证券报-中证网</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4879226cba5adf8ff2086dab0c52ccbb","relate_stocks":{"01810":"小米集团-W"},"source_url":"https://cj.sina.cn/article/normal_detail?url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2021-04-08/doc-ikmxzfmk5553014.shtml","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2125186725","content_text":"小米造车热度未减，滴滴又传出造车消息。进入2021年，随着百度、小米官宣造车，科技公司逐渐从幕后走向台前，在汽车领域的发声愈发密集。业内人士指出，汽车电子产业将成为继家电、PC和手机之后又一次全产业链级别的大发展机遇。汽车电子产业进入新一轮技术革新周期，其渗透率及价值都将得到大幅提升，市场空间超万亿元。滴滴造车？4月6日晚，有消息称，滴滴开始启动造车项目，负责人是滴滴副总裁、小橘车服总经理杨峻。截至发稿，滴滴方面对此事未予置评。报道称，滴滴造车团队目前已经从车厂挖人，其中包括曾担任蔚来汽车用户发展副总裁的朱江。对此，朱江本人辟谣称消息并不属实。一名长安汽车相关人士向中国证券报记者透露称，“我有一个同事已经过去了。目前，滴滴还是采用和比亚迪合作的模式。”2019年11月，滴滴发布了全球首款定制网约车D1。这款车由滴滴联合比亚迪共同设计开发，基于滴滴平台上5.5亿位乘客、上千万名司机需求、百亿次出行数据，针对网约车出行场景，在车内人机交互、司乘体验、车联网等多方面进行定制化设计。据了解，D1在2021年首季度销量为5000台。目前，滴滴D1已经在长沙、宁波、厦门开始运营，招募D1专属司机。其中，长沙正在运营车辆已超过500台，下一步滴滴定制车D1还将登陆广州、深圳等一线城市。汽车行业资深分析师钟师向中国证券报记者表示，“滴滴此前的目的是做自动驾驶车队，提升智能化程度升级成L3自动驾驶的车队，更多控制出行市场。滴滴现在基本上已经把控了出行市场的各个端口，造车是在已有的用户数据库上做叠加”。威马汽车战略运营副总裁梅松林对中国证券报记者表示，滴滴如果造车，就会进入到“重资产”的经营模式。此前的科技巨头跨界造车，都是在某一个领域已经占据领头羊的地位，盈利模式也非常成熟。但造车是一项非常烧钱的项目，对滴滴而言，作为一家服务型公司，目前商业模式还没有完全成熟，此前在造车领域并无根基，造车的钱从哪里来？小米全力以赴造车除了滴滴以外，关于小米造车的热度依然不减。4月6日晚，小米集团董事长兼CEO雷军在粉“Open Day”上再次回应了小米造车计划，称将“全力以赴为‘米粉’造好车”。“手机和汽车有很多相似的地方，小米首款车一定会给大家带来惊喜。”雷军指出，小米发布的第一款车一定会是那个时间里最尖端的产品，预计会在3年后推出。在直播前，雷军在微博上向米粉“连发三问”，投票问题分别是“你希望小米汽车第一辆车是什么车”“你希望小米汽车第一辆车大约是什么价钱”“关于小米汽车的品牌”。投票结果大致勾勒出小米粉丝对小米汽车的构想与期待：关于小米汽车的品牌，超过63%的人认为小米应该坚持使用“小米”品牌。关于首款车的车型，小米调查显示，有45%用户希望小米首款车是轿车，40%用户希望是SUV，7%-8%用户则希望是跑车，5%-6%用户希望是房车。在价位上，虽然单项选择10万元以下的人最多，不过还是有2/3的人选择了10万元以上。3月30日，小米集团在港交所发布公告，董事会正式批准智能电动汽车业务立项，拟成立一家全资子公司，负责智能电动汽车业务。首期投资为100亿元人民币，预计未来10年投资额100亿美元（超650亿元人民币）。小米集团创始人雷军将兼任智能电动汽车业务的首席执行官。据雷军透露，在过去75天，小米进行了85场业内拜访沟通，与200多位汽车行业资深人士进行了深度交流，进行了4次管理层内部讨论会和两次正式董事会。雷军强调，小米造车是小米全资投入，小米经过反复考虑，决定只有和小米的手机、生态链等产品全部打通，才能提供无所不在的智能汽车体验。钟师认为，与其他造车新势力从零开始不同的是，小米造车已经自带品牌，作为一家电子消费品巨头和具有成熟商业生态的品牌，小米具有先天优势。梅松林指出，小米此前在智能手机和智能家居方面发展得十分成功，下一步最大的智能产品就是智能汽车。但汽车与智能家居产品在生命周期和安全可靠性等方面明显不同，需要格外留意。对中国汽车产业而言，目前还没有出现国际汽车品牌。小米智能手机已经是国际品牌，下一步小米或将承担全球智能汽车布道者的角色。智能汽车大战拉开帷幕随着滴滴和小米等科技公司相继加入智能电动车的赛道，也使得该领域的热度越来越高。对此，小鹏汽车董事长兼CEO何小鹏曾在社交媒体上表示，“据我了解，今年大概有数家科技企业可能会成为不同模式的造车新势力，这对智能汽车市场和新的移动生态的真正到来，会产生非常正面的影响。”进入2021年，随着百度、小米官宣造车，科技公司逐渐从幕后走向台前，在汽车领域的发声愈发密集。之前的“汽车+互联网”已经有向“互联网+汽车”转变的趋势。科技公司入局智能汽车“新战场”，新一轮“智能汽车大战”或将拉开帷幕。同时，智能汽车的发展趋势也逐渐明朗。IHSMarkit的报告预测，到2025年，全球汽车市场智能汽车的渗透率将提升到60%。届时，中国市场的智能汽车渗透率将达到75%，高出前者15个百分点。“早在2016年，国内就掀起了互联网巨头试水汽车产业的浪潮，但更多扮演的是通过AI、大数据、云计算技术为汽车产业赋能。而这一轮有所不同。很多科技巨头不再甘心充当配角，而是亲自下场造车，这对汽车产业的格局将产生重要影响。”业内人士对中国证券报记者表示。钟师表示，在汽车行业发展的“新四化”（智能化、网联化、电动化、共享化）趋势中，智能化和网联化都与科技公司有着千丝万缕的关系。科技公司进入汽车业，主要在于分享产业价值链中占比重越来越大的软件部分。目前，智能手机市场逐渐饱和，智能汽车被认为是下一个最具前景的智能终端。IDC预测，全球智能手机市场出货金额从2020年至2023年年均复合增长率仅为4.31%。安信证券认为，汽车电子产业将成为继家电、PC和手机之后又一次全产业链级别的大发展机遇。汽车电子产业进入新一轮技术革新周期，其渗透率及价值都将得到大幅提升，市场空间超万亿元。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"01810":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":5994,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":352333124,"gmtCreate":1616891366268,"gmtModify":1704799733385,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576125208282503","idStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Hi","listText":"Hi","text":"Hi","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/352333124","repostId":"1192792909","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1192792909","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1617030576,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1192792909?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-03-29 23:09","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"How Long Will the US Stock Value Style Last?","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1192792909","media":"雪涛宏观笔记","summary":"美股价值股与成长股长期相对收益的核心来源是盈利，而不是估值。与科网泡沫时期显著不同的是当前成长股相比价值股并不存在明显的估值泡沫（可能都贵）。短期来看，本轮价值风格已持续了6个月，可能处于风格优势期的","content":"<p>The core source of long-term relative returns for U.S. value vs. growth stocks is earnings, not valuations. What is significantly different from the Internet bubble period is that there is no obvious valuation bubble in value stocks compared with the current growth stocks (which may all be expensive). In the short term, this round of value style has lasted for 6 months, and it may be in the middle and late stage of the style advantage period (comparable average of 10 months). Value stocks are still expected to outperform growth stocks in the next quarter as a recovery deal, but it is recommended to lower the expectation of absolute returns of value stocks. In the long run, it is still unknown whether the style differentiation of value/growth can be reversed. If the US government promotes a series of institutional reforms to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor through tax increases, it should be mentally prepared for the trend reversal of style.<b>Introduction:</b></p><p>In August last year, the value stocks of U.S. stocks underperformed growth stocks for the first time, exceeding the level of science and technology bubble period. At that time, the market began to turn to cyclical value stocks. At the same time, the long-end US Treasury yields began to rebound sharply, driving the value/growth ratio to rebound from a historical low. Since February this year, the Nasdaq index, which represents the growth style, has had a continuous pullback/retracement, and the Dow Jones index, which represents the value style, has repeatedly hit new highs. When the style switching has become a fact, the discussion on whether the value style of U.S. stocks has ushered in a long-term inflection point has intensified.</p><p><b>Is style switching a long-term reversal or a short-term convergence, and how much room for deduction is there?</b>— Let's take the Russel 1000's value and growth index as an example to explore the answer to this question.</p><p><b>Core conclusions:</b></p><p><b>First, the core source of relative income between value stocks and growth stocks is profit, not valuation! At present, there is no obvious valuation bubble in growth stocks compared with value stocks (probably all expensive!), which is significantly different from the Internet bubble period.</b></p><p><b>Second, after 1981, the core of the downward trend of long-term bond interest rates is the low economic growth rate and low inflation caused by insufficient endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth. At present, the technical and institutional factors that lead to insufficient endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth and a long-term deflationary environment have not been improved.</b></p><p><b>Third, if the Treasury Bond market in the United States can't form a long-term bear market, the discussion of value over growth style may be limited to the short period. The peak and fall of nominal interest rate, real interest rate, CPI and inflation expectations are roughly the synchronization or leading indicators of the inflection point, and the inflection point of market style is earlier than the inflection point of relative profit.</b></p><p><b>Fourth, in the short period, this round of value style has lasted for 6 months, and it is in the middle and late stage of the style advantage period (comparable average of 10 months), and the excess return has also completed more than half of the historical average. The rapid upward phase of interest rates and inflation could come to an end in May this year. Therefore, value stocks as recovery trades are still expected to outperform growth stocks in the coming quarter, but it is recommended to lower expectations for absolute returns of value stocks.</b></p><p><b>Fifth, once the U.S. government begins to turn left and reform the distribution system based on liberal capitalism since the Reagan administration, the conditions for long-term interest rates to turn upward may arise. The equalization of income distribution may reverse the long-term deflation brought about by the widening gap between the rich and the poor in the past four decades, and promote the trend of recovery in the long-term interest rate hub.</b></p><p><b>Sixth, it is still unknown whether the style differentiation of long-term value/growth can be reversed. If the US government promotes a series of institutional reforms to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor through tax increases, it should be mentally prepared for the possible style trend reversal.</b></p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 1: 10-Year Treasury Bond Yield vs. Russel 1000 Value & Style Index Relative Returns</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/600e3efd47bf1b5bf01a8081ca124909\" tg-width=\"910\" tg-height=\"594\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>I. What determines the relative returns of value/growth style?</b></p><p>The core view supporting the long-term reversal of style is the reversal of the downward trend of long-term yields of U.S. bonds. We analyze from the perspective of the impact of long-end yields on EPS and valuations of value and growth stocks.</p><p><b>(1) The difference between long-term U.S. bond yield and value growth EPS is in the same direction</b></p><p>Financial statement measures related to operating leverage, such as turnover of assets, plant and equipment and net debt, differ significantly for value and growth companies. In a broad reflationary environment, value companies with relatively high levels of fixed assets will have a more noticeable improvement in turnover than growth companies. Value companies also have higher levels of net debt than growth companies. In the case of reinflation, compared with growth enterprises, the burden of repaying principal and interest of value enterprises will be relatively small. Therefore,<b>The downward movement in interest rates may hint at a slide in the relative earnings of value-based companies' EPS.</b></p><p>From the history of nearly 30 years,<b>The difference between EPS of value stocks and growth stocks is in good agreement with the short-term fluctuation of interest rates</b>。 However, the high point of each cycle moves downward in turn, which is in line with the long-term downward direction of interest rates. Among them, the short-term monetary policy interest rate was consistent with the fluctuation law of profit spread before 2008, but gradually deviated after the financial crisis, reflecting the slower response of monetary policy interest rate to economic profit cycle. The long-term 10-year US Treasury yields and earnings difference significantly deviated from 2003 to 2006. The difference between EPS of value stocks and growth stocks reached a new high in 2007, but the 10-year US Treasury yields was lower than the previous cycle high.</p><p><b>At the heart of the divergence is also the mystery of Greenspan's long-term interest rates</b>Short-term interest rates have risen, while long-term risk-free interest rates have fallen. Greenspan's explanation for this included:</p><p>1. The economic recovery of the United States combined with the deepening degree of globalization has led to the accumulation of increasingly large dollar surpluses by trading partners. On a global scale, the only place that can undertake this part of the foreign exchange reserves accumulated by the surplus is the Treasury Bond market in the United States.</p><p>2. With the inevitable increase in the retirement population (particularly in developed countries), the lack of funding for retirement schemes is a growing concern. Both pension funds and insurers have had to increase their share of long-term bonds in their portfolios.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 2: Before 2008, monetary policy cycles and value-to-growth earnings spreads approximated</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/61937bebe0692c423e53ccc1341518ff\" tg-width=\"568\" tg-height=\"296\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 3: 10Y US Treasury yields is in good agreement with the fluctuation of value growth earnings spread</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0213083f3bfc77aed3440308bd2fe7d3\" tg-width=\"824\" tg-height=\"431\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>(2) Declining long-term yields will not make growth stocks more expensive than value stocks</b></p><p><b>A broad view is that the downward trend of risk-free interest rates will bring more valuation premiums to growth stocks, but this perception is wrong!</b>Although the fluctuation of Treasury Bond yield is indeed ahead of the risk premium difference between value stocks and growth stocks from the perspective of short cycle, the risk premium of value stocks compared with growth stocks has not expanded because of the downward trend of risk-free interest rate from the perspective of long cycle.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 4: 10-Year Treasury Bond Interest Rate and Value to Growth Stock Risk Premium Difference</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/31507616ec0aec31a906ffcb6a74a3a9\" tg-width=\"478\" tg-height=\"297\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table>So, we conclude,<b>The core source of relative returns for value vs. growth stocks is earnings, not valuation! At present, there is no obvious valuation bubble in growth stocks compared with value stocks (probably all expensive!), which is significantly different from the Internet bubble period.</b></p><p>The downward trend of risk-free interest rates and the downward trend of style relative profitability (value stocks-growth stocks) both reflect the changes in the industrial structure of the U.S. economy. The use of capital and technology reduces labor costs and improves corporate efficiency and profitability, so the weighting of growth stocks represented by technology in the stock market does not match their contribution to the economy and employment (see Figure 6).<b>The key question of whether there will be a style reversal in the future is whether the industrial structure of the United States will change, causing value stock earnings, inflation and interest rates to continue upward.</b></p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 5: Except for the deviation from the Internet period (2000), the value-growth profit difference dominates the relative returns of the value-growth index</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b50730f74cd9d5269e52a4816dbcc27a\" tg-width=\"532\" tg-height=\"366\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 6: The weighting of growth stocks represented by technology in the stock market does not match their contribution to the economy and employment</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c8b2645041d5028dd3dc4a6684ec26ed\" tg-width=\"480\" tg-height=\"291\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: BEA, BLS, Standard & Poor's, Tianfeng Securities Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>Second, if there is a tax increase (and a series of institutional reforms that represent the left turn of American society), the 40-year downward trend of interest rates may end, and the style may be reversed</b></p><p>Looking back at the history of interest rates after World War II, the factors that contributed to the 40-year downward trend of interest rates have not changed.<b>The movement of nominal interest rates depends mainly on real economic growth and inflation.</b>After World War II, the yield of 10-year U.S. bonds was in high agreement with the trend of U.S. GDP growth and core CPI, and the peak appeared in the 1970s.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 7: 10-Year Treasury Bond Yield vs. US Real GDP Growth vs. Core CPI</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/51766a075b0ad18b0da629cc8019a2c4\" tg-width=\"475\" tg-height=\"326\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>The first phase of the interest rate rise cycle (1946-1970)</b>It is based on the real prosperity generated by positive feedback on the supply side and the demand side. During World War II, the U.S. government promoted supply-side reform in line with the current situation, upgraded the supply level of American manufacturing industry and supporting industries, accelerated the training of a large number of technical talents at the rate of wartime economy, and reproduced the barbaric advance of late 19th century in the application of new technologies. Roosevelt's New Deal pushed for labor relations legislation, narrowed the divide between rich and poor, and allowed American workers to obtain an eight-hour working week and other benefits. However, the increase in labor costs, residents' education level and female labor participation rate pushed labor productivity to a new height. On the demand side, the war has hit the global industry hard, and the industrial base needs to be rebuilt urgently. At this stage, the economy is growing rapidly, inflation is low, the unemployment rate continues to decline, and the polarization between the rich and the poor is narrowing.<b>Rising interest rates correspond to the acceleration of real economic growth.</b></p><p><b>Second stage of interest rate rise (1970-1981)</b>Established on the supply shock brought about by the oil crisis. During the two oil crises, the price of crude oil rose from less than $3 per barrel in 1973 to $45 in 1980. The postwar economic recovery was highly dependent on the energy support provided by the petrochemical industry. The price of crude oil rose, and the dollar depreciated after the collapse of Bretton Woods system, which brought imported inflation, and the ten-year Treasury Bond yield rose to the highest level since the founding of the United States. At this stage, the economy is in frequent recession, the price level remains at a high level, the unemployment rate rises,<b>The rise in interest rates mainly corresponds to high inflation brought about by the contraction of supply.</b></p><p><b>After 1981, the core of the downward trend of long-term bond interest rates is the low economic growth rate and low inflation caused by the insufficient endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth.</b></p><p>On the supply side, global innovation and economic progress since the 1970s have focused on a narrow field of human activity, more related to entertainment, communication, information collection and processing, and this part of social well-being improvement is not included in GDP. \"For other matters of human concern, including food, clothing, housing, transportation, health, working environment inside and outside the home, etc., the pace of progress has slowed down since 1970, both quantitatively and qualitatively.\" (Robert Gordon, The Rise and Fall of American Economic Growth)</p><p>On the demand side, the deterioration of income distribution mechanism has led to a long-term shortage of effective demand. The loosening of wage controls in 1973 has been an important reason for the increased polarization between rich and poor since then. The aging of the population in western countries appeared generally in the early 1980s. Combined with its high welfare system, labor supply and savings both declined, and capital investment was insufficient; In addition, in response to global competition, enterprises in developed countries relocated their industries to emerging markets to reduce costs, and residents' wage growth stagnated.</p><p><b>At present, the above factors that lead to the lack of endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth have not been improved.</b>Population aging and declining fertility rates in developed countries are still intensifying; Global innovation mainly focuses on business models, and hardware investment has not yet formed a qualitative change to improve social production efficiency; Technological progress and globalization have increased efficiency but undermined equity, and governments must do more to focus on vulnerable groups.</p><p>Human society does not evolve linearly, but leaps and bounds like quantum transition. It has been at a slow and stable energy level for a long time. Suddenly, it encountered some major changes, and the order, system and technology began to undergo profound changes, and the historical process began to accelerate until it entered the next new energy level of slow and stable development for a long time. The COVID-19 epidemic may be such a major change. When human beings encounter difficulties, cooperation and reform are more likely to emerge and enter the above-mentioned transitional development.</p><p><b>After the COVID-19 pandemic, some factors that changed the endogenous lack of momentum for long-term economic growth began to looming.</b>The Democratic Party is willing to reform the wealth distribution system, including raising income tax rates for the wealthy and large corporations, raising the minimum wage, boosting employment with traditional infrastructure, and increasing transfer payments for low-and middle-income earners. But the bipartisan and social polarization of political views in the United States has made this reform difficult (a microcosm of the Republican opposition to raising the minimum wage to $15 an hour). The bipartisan consensus could be antitrust enforcement against big tech companies, with Congress considering forcing tech giants to separate their dominant online platforms from other business units, and the Democrat-led House Judiciary Committee's antitrust subcommittee poised to propose sweeping reforms that could encourage innovation in the long run (as in the 1970s when IBM was spun off), improve social labor productivity and improve wealth distribution mechanisms.</p><p><b>Once the U.S. government begins to turn left and reform the distribution system based on liberal capitalism since the Reagan administration, conditions may arise for long-term interest rates to turn upward.</b>The equalization of income distribution could reverse the long-term deflation that has been brought about by the widening gap between the rich and the poor over the past four decades,<b>And promote the trend recovery of the long-term interest rate center.</b></p><p><b>In addition, there are also potential factors on the supply side that will drive the long-term recovery of interest rates.</b>Under the global trend of \"carbon neutrality\", the capital market is also driving the \"greening\" of the energy industry, which may lead to insufficient investment in traditional energy. For example, Shell, which has a more aggressive transition, plans to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. For this reason, the proportion of its capital expenditure in the upstream sector has shrunk from about 35% to 25-30% after 2025, while the proportion of renewable energy capital expenditure has increased. Correspondingly, the IRR of new capital expenditure also treats the return rate requirements of upstream sector and renewable energy differently. The return rate of capital expenditure of upstream sector should reach 20-25%, while the return rate of investment of renewable energy should only be no less than 10%. Not only energy, but commodity prices have been depressed over the past decade, raw material producers have cut capital expenditure to varying degrees, and the Covid pandemic has accelerated some capacity clearance.</p><p><b>Third, if the trend reversal of interest rates is not considered, how long can this round of style switching of growth value last?</b></p><p><b>If the U.S. Treasury Bond market fails to form a long-term bear market, the discussion of value over growth style may be limited to short periods.</b></p><p>We selected five indicators: inflation expectation, real interest rate, PMI, CPI and inventory year-on-year to examine the macro state of value stocks outperforming growth stocks since 2000. 2000.7-2001.3 and 2008.6-2008.12 are all stages of economic downturn, with PMI, inventory year-on-year and CPI all declining, and value stocks gain excess returns under the defensive strategy. The remaining four stages all show economic recovery, and most of the economic indicators are in a state of recovery. Inflation expectations and CPI recovery fluctuated at a high level; Except for 2001.11-2002.7, the bottom of real interest rate began to climb, and PMI fluctuated upward; Except 2012.5-2013.7, the inventory cycle is in the replenishment stage. Excluding this time (2020.9-2021.2) and the long bull period of value stocks (2003.12-2006.06), the average excess return of value stocks is 15.54%,<b>Average duration is 10 months</b>。 The most similar to this time is 2016.3-2016.12. This stage is the last round of small cycle recovery period, and the excess return of value stocks is 8.22%, which lasts for 10 months.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Table 1: Periods of Excess Return of Value Stocks vs. Growth Stocks</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c79f98fa6d41cc0bb8b40968953959c8\" tg-width=\"492\" tg-height=\"179\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 8: 1990-to-date inflation expectation (%), CPI year-on-year growth rate (%), inventory year-on-year growth rate (%)</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9497187cf6a6026f1ba5e5df2d759692\" tg-width=\"494\" tg-height=\"345\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 9: 1990-to-date Real Interest Rates and PMI</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b903d79a6e050f784a34a9525ddba907\" tg-width=\"485\" tg-height=\"315\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table>From the previous four style reversals (that is, the RUSSEL 1000 value/growth index turned from downward to upward),<b>Nominal interest rate, real interest rate, CPI, inflation expectations peak and fall are roughly inflection point synchronization or leading indicators</b>。 However, after 2008, value stocks can only eat the \"fish body\" of the rising interest rate or inflation, that is, the early stage of the rising interest rate or inflation from the bottom, but not the \"fish tail\" of the peak stage. This may be because the market thinks that the excess profit of value stocks can hardly last as long as 2003-2006.<b>The market's style inflection point also predates the relative profitability inflection point.</b></p><p>Profits in the industrial, materials and financial sectors are expected to rise 89%, 40% and 23% year-over-year, respectively, in 2021, while profits in the tech sector rose just 18%, showing the current dominance of value styles, according to FactSet.<b>This round of value style has lasted for 6 months, which may be in the middle and late stage of the style advantage period (comparable average of 10 months), and the excess return has also completed more than half of the historical average.</b></p><p>In terms of macro indicators,<b>CPI may fall back after the peak in May, and inflation expectations are already at an all-time high (99.5% quantile)</b>。 The recovery of shale oil production capacity in the United States is less than expected, giving OPEC room to continue to reduce production and maintain high oil prices. In the first half of the year, oil prices may fluctuate violently at a high level, but inflation expectations may fall with oil prices in the second half of the year. Judging from the previous rounds of historical experience, the inflation expectation is about half a year ahead of the real interest rate. Therefore, after the inflation expectation drops in the second half of the year, the real interest rate still has upside room. After stripping off the long-term trend, the current real interest rate (around-0.66%) remains at historically low levels (17.4% quantile). It is expected that the rebound high of real interest rates will be around 0.2%-0.3%, corresponding to the historical quantile of 70%-80%, which is about equal to the average level in 2019.</p><p><b>Based on our judgment of inflation and real interest rates, the phase of rapid upward movement in interest rates and inflation could end in May this year. Therefore, the short-term style advantage of value stocks may still last for a quarter, and whether the trend reversal in the long term will be determined by a series of institutional reforms that reverse income distribution and the wealth gap.</b></p><p>In terms of specific industries, commodity price increases, manufacturing replenishment and upward interest rate push<b>Sectors such as finance, energy, industry and raw materials led gains during the recovery period.</b>There is no obvious inventory cycle for healthcare, information technology, public utilities and telecommunications services, and the performance of core consumer goods is relatively stable and relatively less elastic. Non-core consumer products are excessively affected by amazon.<b>Energy stocks have now risen more than the historical average, and the gains of financial stocks have been fully realized</b>。</p><p>In the short term, we think<b>Value stocks as recovery deals are still expected to outperform growth stocks in the coming quarter, but it is recommended to lower expectations for absolute returns for value stocks; In the long run, it is still unknown whether the style differentiation of value/growth can be reversed in the trend. If the US government promotes a series of institutional reforms to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor through tax increases, it should be mentally prepared for the possible style trend reversal.</b></p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Table 2: Performance of various industries during the recovery phase</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6228f37247756967ffbc3aa57083aa9d\" tg-width=\"460\" tg-height=\"249\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table></p>","source":"xthgbj","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How Long Will the US Stock Value Style Last?</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow Long Will the US Stock Value Style Last?\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">雪涛宏观笔记</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-03-29 23:09</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>The core source of long-term relative returns for U.S. value vs. growth stocks is earnings, not valuations. What is significantly different from the Internet bubble period is that there is no obvious valuation bubble in value stocks compared with the current growth stocks (which may all be expensive). In the short term, this round of value style has lasted for 6 months, and it may be in the middle and late stage of the style advantage period (comparable average of 10 months). Value stocks are still expected to outperform growth stocks in the next quarter as a recovery deal, but it is recommended to lower the expectation of absolute returns of value stocks. In the long run, it is still unknown whether the style differentiation of value/growth can be reversed. If the US government promotes a series of institutional reforms to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor through tax increases, it should be mentally prepared for the trend reversal of style.<b>Introduction:</b></p><p>In August last year, the value stocks of U.S. stocks underperformed growth stocks for the first time, exceeding the level of science and technology bubble period. At that time, the market began to turn to cyclical value stocks. At the same time, the long-end US Treasury yields began to rebound sharply, driving the value/growth ratio to rebound from a historical low. Since February this year, the Nasdaq index, which represents the growth style, has had a continuous pullback/retracement, and the Dow Jones index, which represents the value style, has repeatedly hit new highs. When the style switching has become a fact, the discussion on whether the value style of U.S. stocks has ushered in a long-term inflection point has intensified.</p><p><b>Is style switching a long-term reversal or a short-term convergence, and how much room for deduction is there?</b>— Let's take the Russel 1000's value and growth index as an example to explore the answer to this question.</p><p><b>Core conclusions:</b></p><p><b>First, the core source of relative income between value stocks and growth stocks is profit, not valuation! At present, there is no obvious valuation bubble in growth stocks compared with value stocks (probably all expensive!), which is significantly different from the Internet bubble period.</b></p><p><b>Second, after 1981, the core of the downward trend of long-term bond interest rates is the low economic growth rate and low inflation caused by insufficient endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth. At present, the technical and institutional factors that lead to insufficient endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth and a long-term deflationary environment have not been improved.</b></p><p><b>Third, if the Treasury Bond market in the United States can't form a long-term bear market, the discussion of value over growth style may be limited to the short period. The peak and fall of nominal interest rate, real interest rate, CPI and inflation expectations are roughly the synchronization or leading indicators of the inflection point, and the inflection point of market style is earlier than the inflection point of relative profit.</b></p><p><b>Fourth, in the short period, this round of value style has lasted for 6 months, and it is in the middle and late stage of the style advantage period (comparable average of 10 months), and the excess return has also completed more than half of the historical average. The rapid upward phase of interest rates and inflation could come to an end in May this year. Therefore, value stocks as recovery trades are still expected to outperform growth stocks in the coming quarter, but it is recommended to lower expectations for absolute returns of value stocks.</b></p><p><b>Fifth, once the U.S. government begins to turn left and reform the distribution system based on liberal capitalism since the Reagan administration, the conditions for long-term interest rates to turn upward may arise. The equalization of income distribution may reverse the long-term deflation brought about by the widening gap between the rich and the poor in the past four decades, and promote the trend of recovery in the long-term interest rate hub.</b></p><p><b>Sixth, it is still unknown whether the style differentiation of long-term value/growth can be reversed. If the US government promotes a series of institutional reforms to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor through tax increases, it should be mentally prepared for the possible style trend reversal.</b></p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 1: 10-Year Treasury Bond Yield vs. Russel 1000 Value & Style Index Relative Returns</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/600e3efd47bf1b5bf01a8081ca124909\" tg-width=\"910\" tg-height=\"594\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>I. What determines the relative returns of value/growth style?</b></p><p>The core view supporting the long-term reversal of style is the reversal of the downward trend of long-term yields of U.S. bonds. We analyze from the perspective of the impact of long-end yields on EPS and valuations of value and growth stocks.</p><p><b>(1) The difference between long-term U.S. bond yield and value growth EPS is in the same direction</b></p><p>Financial statement measures related to operating leverage, such as turnover of assets, plant and equipment and net debt, differ significantly for value and growth companies. In a broad reflationary environment, value companies with relatively high levels of fixed assets will have a more noticeable improvement in turnover than growth companies. Value companies also have higher levels of net debt than growth companies. In the case of reinflation, compared with growth enterprises, the burden of repaying principal and interest of value enterprises will be relatively small. Therefore,<b>The downward movement in interest rates may hint at a slide in the relative earnings of value-based companies' EPS.</b></p><p>From the history of nearly 30 years,<b>The difference between EPS of value stocks and growth stocks is in good agreement with the short-term fluctuation of interest rates</b>。 However, the high point of each cycle moves downward in turn, which is in line with the long-term downward direction of interest rates. Among them, the short-term monetary policy interest rate was consistent with the fluctuation law of profit spread before 2008, but gradually deviated after the financial crisis, reflecting the slower response of monetary policy interest rate to economic profit cycle. The long-term 10-year US Treasury yields and earnings difference significantly deviated from 2003 to 2006. The difference between EPS of value stocks and growth stocks reached a new high in 2007, but the 10-year US Treasury yields was lower than the previous cycle high.</p><p><b>At the heart of the divergence is also the mystery of Greenspan's long-term interest rates</b>Short-term interest rates have risen, while long-term risk-free interest rates have fallen. Greenspan's explanation for this included:</p><p>1. The economic recovery of the United States combined with the deepening degree of globalization has led to the accumulation of increasingly large dollar surpluses by trading partners. On a global scale, the only place that can undertake this part of the foreign exchange reserves accumulated by the surplus is the Treasury Bond market in the United States.</p><p>2. With the inevitable increase in the retirement population (particularly in developed countries), the lack of funding for retirement schemes is a growing concern. Both pension funds and insurers have had to increase their share of long-term bonds in their portfolios.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 2: Before 2008, monetary policy cycles and value-to-growth earnings spreads approximated</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/61937bebe0692c423e53ccc1341518ff\" tg-width=\"568\" tg-height=\"296\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 3: 10Y US Treasury yields is in good agreement with the fluctuation of value growth earnings spread</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0213083f3bfc77aed3440308bd2fe7d3\" tg-width=\"824\" tg-height=\"431\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>(2) Declining long-term yields will not make growth stocks more expensive than value stocks</b></p><p><b>A broad view is that the downward trend of risk-free interest rates will bring more valuation premiums to growth stocks, but this perception is wrong!</b>Although the fluctuation of Treasury Bond yield is indeed ahead of the risk premium difference between value stocks and growth stocks from the perspective of short cycle, the risk premium of value stocks compared with growth stocks has not expanded because of the downward trend of risk-free interest rate from the perspective of long cycle.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 4: 10-Year Treasury Bond Interest Rate and Value to Growth Stock Risk Premium Difference</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/31507616ec0aec31a906ffcb6a74a3a9\" tg-width=\"478\" tg-height=\"297\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table>So, we conclude,<b>The core source of relative returns for value vs. growth stocks is earnings, not valuation! At present, there is no obvious valuation bubble in growth stocks compared with value stocks (probably all expensive!), which is significantly different from the Internet bubble period.</b></p><p>The downward trend of risk-free interest rates and the downward trend of style relative profitability (value stocks-growth stocks) both reflect the changes in the industrial structure of the U.S. economy. The use of capital and technology reduces labor costs and improves corporate efficiency and profitability, so the weighting of growth stocks represented by technology in the stock market does not match their contribution to the economy and employment (see Figure 6).<b>The key question of whether there will be a style reversal in the future is whether the industrial structure of the United States will change, causing value stock earnings, inflation and interest rates to continue upward.</b></p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 5: Except for the deviation from the Internet period (2000), the value-growth profit difference dominates the relative returns of the value-growth index</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b50730f74cd9d5269e52a4816dbcc27a\" tg-width=\"532\" tg-height=\"366\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 6: The weighting of growth stocks represented by technology in the stock market does not match their contribution to the economy and employment</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c8b2645041d5028dd3dc4a6684ec26ed\" tg-width=\"480\" tg-height=\"291\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: BEA, BLS, Standard & Poor's, Tianfeng Securities Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>Second, if there is a tax increase (and a series of institutional reforms that represent the left turn of American society), the 40-year downward trend of interest rates may end, and the style may be reversed</b></p><p>Looking back at the history of interest rates after World War II, the factors that contributed to the 40-year downward trend of interest rates have not changed.<b>The movement of nominal interest rates depends mainly on real economic growth and inflation.</b>After World War II, the yield of 10-year U.S. bonds was in high agreement with the trend of U.S. GDP growth and core CPI, and the peak appeared in the 1970s.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 7: 10-Year Treasury Bond Yield vs. US Real GDP Growth vs. Core CPI</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/51766a075b0ad18b0da629cc8019a2c4\" tg-width=\"475\" tg-height=\"326\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><b>The first phase of the interest rate rise cycle (1946-1970)</b>It is based on the real prosperity generated by positive feedback on the supply side and the demand side. During World War II, the U.S. government promoted supply-side reform in line with the current situation, upgraded the supply level of American manufacturing industry and supporting industries, accelerated the training of a large number of technical talents at the rate of wartime economy, and reproduced the barbaric advance of late 19th century in the application of new technologies. Roosevelt's New Deal pushed for labor relations legislation, narrowed the divide between rich and poor, and allowed American workers to obtain an eight-hour working week and other benefits. However, the increase in labor costs, residents' education level and female labor participation rate pushed labor productivity to a new height. On the demand side, the war has hit the global industry hard, and the industrial base needs to be rebuilt urgently. At this stage, the economy is growing rapidly, inflation is low, the unemployment rate continues to decline, and the polarization between the rich and the poor is narrowing.<b>Rising interest rates correspond to the acceleration of real economic growth.</b></p><p><b>Second stage of interest rate rise (1970-1981)</b>Established on the supply shock brought about by the oil crisis. During the two oil crises, the price of crude oil rose from less than $3 per barrel in 1973 to $45 in 1980. The postwar economic recovery was highly dependent on the energy support provided by the petrochemical industry. The price of crude oil rose, and the dollar depreciated after the collapse of Bretton Woods system, which brought imported inflation, and the ten-year Treasury Bond yield rose to the highest level since the founding of the United States. At this stage, the economy is in frequent recession, the price level remains at a high level, the unemployment rate rises,<b>The rise in interest rates mainly corresponds to high inflation brought about by the contraction of supply.</b></p><p><b>After 1981, the core of the downward trend of long-term bond interest rates is the low economic growth rate and low inflation caused by the insufficient endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth.</b></p><p>On the supply side, global innovation and economic progress since the 1970s have focused on a narrow field of human activity, more related to entertainment, communication, information collection and processing, and this part of social well-being improvement is not included in GDP. \"For other matters of human concern, including food, clothing, housing, transportation, health, working environment inside and outside the home, etc., the pace of progress has slowed down since 1970, both quantitatively and qualitatively.\" (Robert Gordon, The Rise and Fall of American Economic Growth)</p><p>On the demand side, the deterioration of income distribution mechanism has led to a long-term shortage of effective demand. The loosening of wage controls in 1973 has been an important reason for the increased polarization between rich and poor since then. The aging of the population in western countries appeared generally in the early 1980s. Combined with its high welfare system, labor supply and savings both declined, and capital investment was insufficient; In addition, in response to global competition, enterprises in developed countries relocated their industries to emerging markets to reduce costs, and residents' wage growth stagnated.</p><p><b>At present, the above factors that lead to the lack of endogenous kinetic energy of economic growth have not been improved.</b>Population aging and declining fertility rates in developed countries are still intensifying; Global innovation mainly focuses on business models, and hardware investment has not yet formed a qualitative change to improve social production efficiency; Technological progress and globalization have increased efficiency but undermined equity, and governments must do more to focus on vulnerable groups.</p><p>Human society does not evolve linearly, but leaps and bounds like quantum transition. It has been at a slow and stable energy level for a long time. Suddenly, it encountered some major changes, and the order, system and technology began to undergo profound changes, and the historical process began to accelerate until it entered the next new energy level of slow and stable development for a long time. The COVID-19 epidemic may be such a major change. When human beings encounter difficulties, cooperation and reform are more likely to emerge and enter the above-mentioned transitional development.</p><p><b>After the COVID-19 pandemic, some factors that changed the endogenous lack of momentum for long-term economic growth began to looming.</b>The Democratic Party is willing to reform the wealth distribution system, including raising income tax rates for the wealthy and large corporations, raising the minimum wage, boosting employment with traditional infrastructure, and increasing transfer payments for low-and middle-income earners. But the bipartisan and social polarization of political views in the United States has made this reform difficult (a microcosm of the Republican opposition to raising the minimum wage to $15 an hour). The bipartisan consensus could be antitrust enforcement against big tech companies, with Congress considering forcing tech giants to separate their dominant online platforms from other business units, and the Democrat-led House Judiciary Committee's antitrust subcommittee poised to propose sweeping reforms that could encourage innovation in the long run (as in the 1970s when IBM was spun off), improve social labor productivity and improve wealth distribution mechanisms.</p><p><b>Once the U.S. government begins to turn left and reform the distribution system based on liberal capitalism since the Reagan administration, conditions may arise for long-term interest rates to turn upward.</b>The equalization of income distribution could reverse the long-term deflation that has been brought about by the widening gap between the rich and the poor over the past four decades,<b>And promote the trend recovery of the long-term interest rate center.</b></p><p><b>In addition, there are also potential factors on the supply side that will drive the long-term recovery of interest rates.</b>Under the global trend of \"carbon neutrality\", the capital market is also driving the \"greening\" of the energy industry, which may lead to insufficient investment in traditional energy. For example, Shell, which has a more aggressive transition, plans to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. For this reason, the proportion of its capital expenditure in the upstream sector has shrunk from about 35% to 25-30% after 2025, while the proportion of renewable energy capital expenditure has increased. Correspondingly, the IRR of new capital expenditure also treats the return rate requirements of upstream sector and renewable energy differently. The return rate of capital expenditure of upstream sector should reach 20-25%, while the return rate of investment of renewable energy should only be no less than 10%. Not only energy, but commodity prices have been depressed over the past decade, raw material producers have cut capital expenditure to varying degrees, and the Covid pandemic has accelerated some capacity clearance.</p><p><b>Third, if the trend reversal of interest rates is not considered, how long can this round of style switching of growth value last?</b></p><p><b>If the U.S. Treasury Bond market fails to form a long-term bear market, the discussion of value over growth style may be limited to short periods.</b></p><p>We selected five indicators: inflation expectation, real interest rate, PMI, CPI and inventory year-on-year to examine the macro state of value stocks outperforming growth stocks since 2000. 2000.7-2001.3 and 2008.6-2008.12 are all stages of economic downturn, with PMI, inventory year-on-year and CPI all declining, and value stocks gain excess returns under the defensive strategy. The remaining four stages all show economic recovery, and most of the economic indicators are in a state of recovery. Inflation expectations and CPI recovery fluctuated at a high level; Except for 2001.11-2002.7, the bottom of real interest rate began to climb, and PMI fluctuated upward; Except 2012.5-2013.7, the inventory cycle is in the replenishment stage. Excluding this time (2020.9-2021.2) and the long bull period of value stocks (2003.12-2006.06), the average excess return of value stocks is 15.54%,<b>Average duration is 10 months</b>。 The most similar to this time is 2016.3-2016.12. This stage is the last round of small cycle recovery period, and the excess return of value stocks is 8.22%, which lasts for 10 months.</p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Table 1: Periods of Excess Return of Value Stocks vs. Growth Stocks</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c79f98fa6d41cc0bb8b40968953959c8\" tg-width=\"492\" tg-height=\"179\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 8: 1990-to-date inflation expectation (%), CPI year-on-year growth rate (%), inventory year-on-year growth rate (%)</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9497187cf6a6026f1ba5e5df2d759692\" tg-width=\"494\" tg-height=\"345\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>Figure 9: 1990-to-date Real Interest Rates and PMI</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b903d79a6e050f784a34a9525ddba907\" tg-width=\"485\" tg-height=\"315\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table>From the previous four style reversals (that is, the RUSSEL 1000 value/growth index turned from downward to upward),<b>Nominal interest rate, real interest rate, CPI, inflation expectations peak and fall are roughly inflection point synchronization or leading indicators</b>。 However, after 2008, value stocks can only eat the \"fish body\" of the rising interest rate or inflation, that is, the early stage of the rising interest rate or inflation from the bottom, but not the \"fish tail\" of the peak stage. This may be because the market thinks that the excess profit of value stocks can hardly last as long as 2003-2006.<b>The market's style inflection point also predates the relative profitability inflection point.</b></p><p>Profits in the industrial, materials and financial sectors are expected to rise 89%, 40% and 23% year-over-year, respectively, in 2021, while profits in the tech sector rose just 18%, showing the current dominance of value styles, according to FactSet.<b>This round of value style has lasted for 6 months, which may be in the middle and late stage of the style advantage period (comparable average of 10 months), and the excess return has also completed more than half of the historical average.</b></p><p>In terms of macro indicators,<b>CPI may fall back after the peak in May, and inflation expectations are already at an all-time high (99.5% quantile)</b>。 The recovery of shale oil production capacity in the United States is less than expected, giving OPEC room to continue to reduce production and maintain high oil prices. In the first half of the year, oil prices may fluctuate violently at a high level, but inflation expectations may fall with oil prices in the second half of the year. Judging from the previous rounds of historical experience, the inflation expectation is about half a year ahead of the real interest rate. Therefore, after the inflation expectation drops in the second half of the year, the real interest rate still has upside room. After stripping off the long-term trend, the current real interest rate (around-0.66%) remains at historically low levels (17.4% quantile). It is expected that the rebound high of real interest rates will be around 0.2%-0.3%, corresponding to the historical quantile of 70%-80%, which is about equal to the average level in 2019.</p><p><b>Based on our judgment of inflation and real interest rates, the phase of rapid upward movement in interest rates and inflation could end in May this year. Therefore, the short-term style advantage of value stocks may still last for a quarter, and whether the trend reversal in the long term will be determined by a series of institutional reforms that reverse income distribution and the wealth gap.</b></p><p>In terms of specific industries, commodity price increases, manufacturing replenishment and upward interest rate push<b>Sectors such as finance, energy, industry and raw materials led gains during the recovery period.</b>There is no obvious inventory cycle for healthcare, information technology, public utilities and telecommunications services, and the performance of core consumer goods is relatively stable and relatively less elastic. Non-core consumer products are excessively affected by amazon.<b>Energy stocks have now risen more than the historical average, and the gains of financial stocks have been fully realized</b>。</p><p>In the short term, we think<b>Value stocks as recovery deals are still expected to outperform growth stocks in the coming quarter, but it is recommended to lower expectations for absolute returns for value stocks; In the long run, it is still unknown whether the style differentiation of value/growth can be reversed in the trend. If the US government promotes a series of institutional reforms to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor through tax increases, it should be mentally prepared for the possible style trend reversal.</b></p><p><table><tbody><tr><td>Table 2: Performance of various industries during the recovery phase</p><p></td></tr><tr><td><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6228f37247756967ffbc3aa57083aa9d\" tg-width=\"460\" tg-height=\"249\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p></td></tr><tr><td>Source: Bloomberg, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute</p><p></td></tr></tbody></table></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI0MzMzNzczNQ==&mid=2247495039&idx=1&sn=c64cff2fab379436f872324dadae5a4b&chksm=e96c3217de1bbb01c4cdf1ef8dcdeda0fd65adfedf8aff752e2d35d9bb926099814cf31cf9bb&mpshare=1&scene=23&srcid=03271858VKgyWAwMRniMvBl0&sharer_sharetime=1616837119379&sharer_shareid=fbf3e6a28882bb91c07a361d6d431142#rd\">雪涛宏观笔记</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1fc1f5e2fa377c378fa230c10e0849a2","relate_stocks":{".SPX":"S&P 500 Index",".DJI":"道琼斯",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite"},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI0MzMzNzczNQ==&mid=2247495039&idx=1&sn=c64cff2fab379436f872324dadae5a4b&chksm=e96c3217de1bbb01c4cdf1ef8dcdeda0fd65adfedf8aff752e2d35d9bb926099814cf31cf9bb&mpshare=1&scene=23&srcid=03271858VKgyWAwMRniMvBl0&sharer_sharetime=1616837119379&sharer_shareid=fbf3e6a28882bb91c07a361d6d431142#rd","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1192792909","content_text":"美股价值股与成长股长期相对收益的核心来源是盈利，而不是估值。与科网泡沫时期显著不同的是当前成长股相比价值股并不存在明显的估值泡沫（可能都贵）。短期来看，本轮价值风格已持续了6个月，可能处于风格优势期的中后期（可比平均10个月），价值股作为复苏交易在未来一个季度仍有望跑赢成长股，但建议放低对价值股绝对收益的预期。长期来看，价值/成长的风格分化能否趋势性逆转仍然未知，如果美国政府通过加税推动一系列缩小贫富差距的制度改革，要做好风格趋势性逆转的心理准备。引言：去年8月，美股价值股跑输成长股的幅度首次超过科网泡沫时期水平，当时市场开始出现转向周期价值股的观点，同一时间长端美债利率开始剧烈反弹，带动价值/成长比值从历史低位回升。今年2月以来，代表成长风格的纳斯达克指数连续回撤，代表价值风格的道琼斯指数屡创新高。当风格切换已成为事实后，关于美股价值风格是否迎来长期拐点的讨论愈演愈烈。风格切换是长期反转还是短期收敛，还有多少演绎空间？——我们以Russel 1000的价值和成长指数为例，探讨该问题的答案。核心结论：第一、价值股与成长股相对收益的核心来源是盈利，而不是估值！当前成长股相比价值股并不存在明显的估值泡沫（可能都贵！），这与科网泡沫时期是显著不同的。第二、1981年后，长期债券利率下行的内核是经济增长内生动能不足带来的低经济增速、低通胀现象。目前来看，导致经济增长内生动能不足、长期通缩环境的技术因素和制度因素仍未得到改善。第三、如果美国国债市场无法形成长期熊市，价值优于成长风格的讨论可能仅仅局限于短周期。名义利率、实际利率、CPI、通胀预期触顶回落大致是拐点同步或领先指标，市场的风格拐点也早于相对盈利拐点。第四、短周期看，本轮价值风格已持续了6个月，处于风格优势期的中后期（可比平均10个月），超额收益也完成了历史均值的一大半。利率和通胀快速上行的阶段可能在今年5月结束。因此价值股作为复苏交易在未来一个季度仍有望跑赢成长股，但建议放低对价值股绝对收益的预期。第五、一旦美国政府开始左转，改革里根政府以来以自由资本主义为基础的分配制度，长期利率转为趋势上行的条件可能出现。收入分配的均衡化可能扭转过去四十年贫富差距拉大带来的长期通缩局面，并推动长期利率中枢趋势性回升。第六、长期价值/成长的风格分化能否趋势性逆转仍然未知，如果美国政府通过加税推动一系列缩小贫富差距的制度改革，要做好可能发生风格趋势性逆转的心理准备。图1：10年期国债收益率与Russel 1000 价值与风格指数相对收益资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所一、价值/成长风格的相对收益由什么决定？支持风格长期反转的核心观点是美债长端收益率下行趋势的扭转。我们从长端收益率对价值股和成长股每股盈利和估值影响的角度予以分析。（1）长端美债收益率方向与价值成长EPS之差同向对于价值型公司和成长型公司来说，与经营杠杆相关的财务报表指标，如资产、工厂和设备的周转率和净债务，有显著的不同。在一个广泛的通货再膨胀环境中，拥有相对较高固定资产水平的价值型公司将比成长型公司在周转率方面有更明显的改善。价值型公司的净债务水平也高于成长型公司。在通货再膨胀的情况下，相对成长型企业，价值型企业还本付息的负担会相对较小。因此，利率的下行可能暗示了价值型公司EPS相对收益的下滑。从近30年的历史来看，价值股与成长股EPS之差与利率短周期波动较为吻合。但每轮周期的高点依次下移，符合利率长期下行的方向。其中短端货币政策利率在2008年前与盈利差波动规律一致，但在金融危机后逐渐背离，反映货币政策利率对经济盈利周期响应变慢。长端十年期美债利率与盈利差在2003-2006年有显著背离，价值股与成长股EPS之差在07年创下新高，但十年期美债利率却比上一轮周期高点更低。背离的核心也是格林斯潘长期利率之谜，短期利率上升，长期无风险利率却下降。格林斯潘对此的解释包括：1. 美国经济复苏叠加全球化程度加深，导致贸易伙伴累积了越来越庞大的美元顺差。而在全球范围内，唯一有能力承接这部分由顺差累积而来的外汇储备的地方，就是美国国债市场。2. 随着退休人口不可避免的增加（尤其是在发达国家），退休计划的资金供给不足日益引起关注。养老基金和保险公司都不得不在自己的投资组合中加大对长期债券的份额。图2：2008年之前，货币政策周期与价值与成长盈利差走势接近资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所图3：10Y美债利率与价值成长盈利差的波动较为吻合资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所（2）长端收益率下行并不会导致成长股比价值股更贵一种广泛的观点认为无风险利率的下行会给成长股带来更多的估值溢价，但这个认知是错误的！尽管从短周期的角度看国债收益率的波动的确领先价值股与成长股的风险溢价差，但拉长周期看，价值股相比成长股的风险溢价并没有因为无风险利率的下行而扩大。图4：10年期国债利率与价值同成长股风险溢价差资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所因此，我们总结，价值股与成长股相对收益的核心来源是盈利，而不是估值！当前成长股相比价值股并不存在明显的估值泡沫（可能都贵！），这与科网泡沫时期是显著不同的。无风险利率下行与风格相对盈利（价值股-成长股）的下行均反映了美国经济产业结构的变化。资本和技术的运用减少了人力成本，提高了企业效率和盈利，因此以科技为代表的成长股在股市中的权重与对经济和就业的贡献并不匹配（见图6）。未来是否出现风格逆转的关键问题是美国产业结构是否会发生变化，导致价值股盈利、通胀和利率持续上行。图5：除了科网时期（2000）的背离，价值与成长的盈利差主导了价值与成长指数的相对收益资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所图6：以科技为代表的成长股在股市中的权重与对经济和就业的贡献并不匹配资料来源：BEA, BLS, Standard & Poor's，天风证券研究所二、如果出现加税（以及一系列代表美国社会左转的制度改革），四十年利率下行的趋势可能终结，风格有趋势性逆转的可能回顾二战后的利率史，导致利率长达40年下行的因素并未改变。名义利率的走势主要取决于实际经济增长和通胀。二战后，10年期美债收益率与美国GDP增速和核心CPI的走势有较高的一致性，峰值出现在1970年代。图7：10年期国债收益率与美国实际GDP增速与核心CPI资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所利率上升周期的第一阶段（1946年-1970年）建立在供给侧与需求侧正反馈产生的真实繁荣基础上。二战期间，美国政府顺应时势推动了供给侧改革，升级了美国制造业及配套产业的供给水平，以战时经济的速率加速培养了大批量的技术人才，在新技术的应用方面再现了19世纪后期的野蛮式突进。罗斯福新政力推劳资关系立法，贫富分化收窄，让美国工人获得了8小时工作制及其他福利，但相对劳动成本的提升，居民受教育程度、女性劳动参与率的提高将劳动生产率推升至新的高度。需求端，战争重创全球产业，百废待兴，工业基础亟待重建。本阶段经济高速增长，通胀较低，失业率持续下降，贫富分化收窄。利率上升对应的是实际经济增长的加速。利率上升的第二阶段（1970年-1981年）建立在石油危机带来的供给冲击上。两次石油危机期间，原油价格从1973年的每桶不到3美元涨到了1980年的45美元，战后经济复苏高度依赖石油化工产业提供的能源支持，原油价格上涨，布雷顿森林体系破裂后美元贬值，带来输入性通胀，十年期国债收益率升至美国建国以来的最高水平。本阶段，经济频繁衰退，物价水平持续位于高位，失业率上升，利率上升主要对应的是供给收缩带来的高通货膨胀。1981年后，长期债券利率下行的内核是经济增长内生动能不足带来的低经济增速、低通胀现象。供给端，70年代以来的全球创新和经济进步聚焦在人类活动的一个狭窄领域，更多是同娱乐、通信、信息收集和处理有关，而这部分social well-being的提高并没有计入GDP，“对于人类所关心的其他事务，包括食品、服装、住房、交通、健康、家庭内外的工作环境等，无论是从定量还是定性的角度看，在1970年之后进步速度都已经放缓。”（《美国经济增长的起落》罗伯特戈登）需求端，收入分配机制恶化导致了长期的有效需求不足。1973年松绑的工资控制政策是此后贫富分化加剧的一个重要原因。西方国家人口老龄化普遍出现在1980年初期，结合其高福利制度，劳动力供给和储蓄双双下降，资本投资不足；此外，为应对全球竞争发达国家企业将产业迁往新兴市场以降低成本，居民工资增长停滞。目前来看，以上导致经济增长内生动能不足的因素仍未得到改善。发达国家人口老龄化、生育率下降仍在加剧；全球创新主要聚焦于商业模式，硬件投入尚未形成提高社会生产效率的质变；技术进步和全球化提高了效率，但有损公平，政府必须要付出更多努力关注弱势群体。人类社会并不是线性演进的，而是像量子跃迁一样跳跃式发展，长期处在一个缓慢稳定发展的能级，突然遇到一些重大变化，秩序、制度、技术开始发生深刻变化，历史的进程开始加速，直到进入下一个长期缓慢稳定发展的新能级。新冠疫情可能就是这样一个重大变化，当人类遇到困境时，合作和改革才更有可能出现，进入到上面所说的跃迁式发展。新冠疫情之后，一些改变长期经济增长内生动力不足的因素开始若隐若现。民主党有意愿改革财富分配制度，包括提高富人和大企业的所得税率，提高最低工资，传统基建拉动就业，增加对中低收入者的转移支付等。但美国两党、社会的政治观点极化让这项改革变得困难重重（共和党反对将最低工资提升至每小时15美元，即是政治极化的一个缩影）。两党的共识可能是对大型科技企业的反垄断执法，国会考虑迫使科技巨头将它们占据主导地位的在线平台与其他业务部门分开，由民主党人领导的众议院司法委员会反垄断小组委员会准备提出全面改革，这可能在长期会鼓励创新（如同1970年代IBM被分拆），提高社会劳动生产率，改善财富分配机制。一旦美国政府开始左转，改革里根政府以来以自由资本主义为基础的分配制度，长期利率转为趋势上行的条件可能出现。收入分配的均衡化可能扭转过去四十年贫富差距拉大带来的长期通缩局面，并推动长期利率中枢趋势性回升。除此之外，供给侧也存在推动利率长期回升的潜在因素。全球“碳中和”趋势下，资本市场亦在驱动能源行业“绿色化”，这可能导致传统能源投资不足。例如转型比较激进的壳牌公司（Shell）计划到2050年达到碳中和目标。为此，其在上游板块的资本开支比例从35％左右缩减到2025年之后25-30％，而可再生能源资本开支比例提升。相应的，新增资本开支的IRR对上游板块和可再生能源的回报率要求也差别对待，上游板块的资本开支回报率要达到20-25％，而对可再生能源投资回报率要求仅不低于10％。不仅是能源，过去10年大宗商品价格低迷，原材料生产商不同程度地削减了资本开支，新冠疫情也加速了部分产能出清。三、如果不考虑利率的趋势性逆转，这一轮成长价值的风格切换能持续多久？如果美国国债市场无法形成长期熊市，价值优于成长风格的讨论可能仅仅局限于短周期。我们选取了通胀预期、实际利率、PMI、CPI、库存同比5个指标考察2000年以来价值股跑赢成长股的宏观状态。2000.7-2001.3和2008.6-2008.12均是经济下行阶段，PMI、库存同比、CPI均下行，防御策略下价值股收获超额收益。剩余4个阶段均表现为经济复苏，各项经济指标大多处于回升状态。通胀预期和CPI回升在高位震荡；除2001.11-2002.7外，实际利率底部开始攀升，PMI震荡上行；除2012.5-2013.7外，库存周期处于补库阶段。除去本次（2020.9-2021.2）和价值股长牛期（2003.12-2006.06），价值股的超额收益平均为15.54%，平均持续时长为10个月。与本次最为类似的是2016.3-2016.12，此阶段为上一轮小周期复苏期，价值股的超额收益为8.22%，持续了10个月。表1：历次价值股相对成长股超额收益时期资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所图8：1990-至今通胀预期(%)、CPI同比增速(%)、库存同比增速(%)资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所图9：1990-至今实际利率和PMI资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所从之前四次风格反转（即RUSSEL 1000 value/growth指数由下行转为上行）时点来看，名义利率、实际利率、CPI、通胀预期触顶回落大致是拐点同步或领先指标。但08年后，价值股只能吃到利率或通胀上行的“鱼身”，也即利率或通胀从底部上行的早期阶段，吃不到冲顶阶段的“鱼尾”，这可能是因为市场认为价值股超额盈利持续时间难以像2003-2006年那么长，市场的风格拐点也早于相对盈利拐点。FactSet的数据显示，预计2021年工业、材料和金融行业的利润将分别同比增长89％、40％和23％，而科技行业的利润仅增长18％，显示当前价值风格占优。本轮价值风格已持续了6个月，可能处于风格优势期的中后期（可比平均10个月），超额收益也完成了历史均值的一大半。宏观指标来看，CPI可能在5月冲顶后回落，通胀预期也已经处在历史高位（99.5%分位）。美国页岩油产能恢复不及预期给了OPEC继续减产维持高油价的空间，上半年油价可能在高位剧烈震荡，但下半年通胀预期可能随油价回落。从之前几轮历史经验来看，通胀预期领先实际利率半年左右，因此下半年通胀预期回落后，实际利率仍有上行空间。剥离长期趋势后，当前实际利率（-0.66%左右）仍然处在历史较低水平（17.4%分位）。预计实际利率的反弹高点大约在0.2%-0.3%左右，对应70%-80%历史分位，约等于2019年的平均水平。根据我们对通胀和实际利率的判断，利率和通胀快速上行的阶段可能在今年5月结束。因此，价值股的短期风格优势可能仍能持续一个季度，长期是否能趋势性逆转将由一系列逆转收入分配和贫富差距的制度改革所决定。具体行业来看，大宗商品涨价、制造业补库和利率上行推动金融、能源、工业和原材料等行业在复苏期涨幅领先。医疗保健，信息技术、公共事业、电信服务没有明显的库存周期，核心消费品业绩较为稳定，相对弹性较小。非核心消费品受amazon影响过大。目前能源股涨幅已超过历史均值水平，金融股的涨幅也已充分兑现。短期来看，我们认为价值股作为复苏交易在未来一个季度仍有望跑赢成长股，但建议放低对价值股绝对收益的预期；长期来看，价值/成长的风格分化能否趋势性逆转仍然未知，如果美国政府通过加税推动一系列缩小贫富差距的制度改革，要做好可能发生风格趋势性逆转的心理准备。表2：各行业在复苏阶段表现资料来源：Bloomberg，天风证券研究所","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{".DJI":0.9,".IXIC":0.9,".SPX":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":6134,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":196856248,"gmtCreate":1621044005684,"gmtModify":1704352343716,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576125208282503","idStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"O","listText":"O","text":"O","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/196856248","repostId":"2135983330","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":5193,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":327904505,"gmtCreate":1616045509607,"gmtModify":1704790168379,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576125208282503","idStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"2233","listText":"2233","text":"2233","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/327904505","repostId":"1146319399","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1146319399","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"为用户提供金融资讯、行情、数据，旨在帮助投资者理解世界，做投资决策。","home_visible":1,"media_name":"老虎资讯综合","id":"102","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1616029606,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1146319399?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-03-18 09:06","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"Bilibili Hong Kong stocks are offering today, with a first-hand entry fee of about HK$19,959","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1146319399","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"3月18日消息，$哔哩哔哩 $于2021年3月18日至3月23日招股，公开发售价将不超过每股香港发售股份988.00港元，每手20股，股票代码为“ 9626”。预计将在2021年3月29日（星期一）挂牌上市。每手20股，入场费19959.12港元。乙组门槛为6000股，申购所需资金约5987763.46港元。截至2021年3月17日美股收盘，哔哩哔哩的总市值已达到392亿美元。根据招股书，哔哩哔哩尚未实现盈利，2018年至2020年产生净亏损人民币5.65亿元、13.04亿元及30.54亿元。","content":"<p>March 18th news,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BILI\">Bilibili</a>（<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/09626\">$(09626)$</a>. HK) from 18 March to 23 March 2021, the Public Offer Price will not exceed HK$988.00 per Hong Kong Offer Share in board lots of 20 Shares under the stock code \"9626\". It is expected to be listed on Monday, March 29, 2021.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/da523cc810f669b6583bebf395b1d418\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"442\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><b>Subscription ladder:</b></p><p>20 shares per lot with an admission fee of HK$19,959.12.</p><p>The threshold of Group B is 6,000 shares, and the funds required for subscription are about HK$5,987,763.46.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/244f0536c2e47327abe28219456ab2c7\" tg-width=\"653\" tg-height=\"372\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">It is reported that Bilibili originated from the ACG content community website founded in 2009. At present, it has developed into an iconic brand and a leading video community for China's younger generation, providing a large number of rich content to meet the diverse interests of young people. The platform centers on professional user-generated video (PUGV), supplemented by live broadcast, professional organization-generated video (OGV), etc. The content categories cover many fields such as life, games, entertainment, animation, technology and knowledge.</p><p>In March 2018, the company was listed on NASDAQ in the United States under the code \"BILI\". Since its listing for nearly three years,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BILI.US\">Bilibili</a>The stock price has risen by more than 800%. As of the close of U.S. stocks on March 17, 2021, Bilibili's total market capitalization has reached $39.2 billion.</p><p>Bilibili has a large and rapidly growing user base. In 20Q4, the monthly active users of the platform reached 202 million, a year-on-year increase of 55%. At the same time, Bilibili mobile monthly active users increased by 49% between 2019 and 2020, which was the highest growth rate of mobile monthly active users among the top ten video mobile applications in China in 2020, which was higher than the average growth rate of the other nine video mobile applications (11.9%) in the same period.</p><p>In terms of revenue structure, the company has realized diversified monetization models, mainly generating revenue from mobile games, value-added services, advertising, e-commerce and other aspects. Benefiting from the rapid growth of various business segments, Bilibili's revenue has grown rapidly in recent years. From 2018 to 2020, the net turnover of the Company was RMB4.129 billion, RMB6.778 billion and RMB11.999 billion, respectively, with a CAGR of 70.5%. The gross profit margin for the same periods was 20.7%, 17.6% and 23.7%, respectively.</p><p>According to the prospectus, Bilibili has not yet achieved profitability and incurred net losses of RMB565 million, RMB1,304 million and RMB3,054 million from 2018 to 2020.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8ffa01204ffbd3bc6a65cb3cca169162\" tg-width=\"700\" tg-height=\"646\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">In terms of industry, pan-video platforms in China are mainly commercialized through advertising, mobile games, live streaming, membership and paid content and other channels. Since 2016, various commercialization channels in the pan-video market in China have grown significantly and are expected to continue to expand at a relatively high rate in the future. Among them, Z + generation, as the driving force and trend leader of all kinds of online consumption in China, is regarded as the golden group in the pan-video market.</p><p>Video content has become an important way for Gen Z + to communicate and interact. In 2020, Gen Z + reached 452 million people, of which 74.3% watched various forms of video content, and this penetration rate is expected to further increase to 99.1% by 2025.</p><p>Generation Z + has become the most important pillar of China's pan-video market, accounting for 64.8% of the market size of the pan-video market in 2019, and the per capita output value increased from RMB516 in 2016 to RMB1,280 in 2019, and then to RMB3,042 in 2025.</p><p>It is worth noting that according to the prospectus, Chen Rui, chairman and CEO of the board of directors, holds 14.2% of the shares and is the largest shareholder of the company;<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00700\">Tencent Holdings</a>With 12.4% of the shares, it is its second largest shareholder; President Xu Yi holds 8% of the shares and is the third largest shareholder of the company;<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BABA\">Alibaba</a>Taobao China Holdings Limited is the fourth largest shareholder with a 6.7% stake.</p><p>For financing purposes, the IPO is expected to receive net proceeds from the Global Offering of approximately HK$24.3 billion (after deducting underwriting commissions and other estimated expenses in connection with the Global Offering) based on the ceiling of the Offer Price of HK$988. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Share Offer for the following purposes: 50% for the Company's content to support the Company's healthy and high-quality user growth; 20% for research and development; 20% for sales and marketing; 10% for general corporate purposes and working capital requirements.</p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Bilibili Hong Kong stocks are offering today, with a first-hand entry fee of about HK$19,959</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nBilibili Hong Kong stocks are offering today, with a first-hand entry fee of about HK$19,959\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2021-03-18 09:06</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>March 18th news,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BILI\">Bilibili</a>（<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/09626\">$(09626)$</a>. HK) from 18 March to 23 March 2021, the Public Offer Price will not exceed HK$988.00 per Hong Kong Offer Share in board lots of 20 Shares under the stock code \"9626\". It is expected to be listed on Monday, March 29, 2021.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/da523cc810f669b6583bebf395b1d418\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"442\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><b>Subscription ladder:</b></p><p>20 shares per lot with an admission fee of HK$19,959.12.</p><p>The threshold of Group B is 6,000 shares, and the funds required for subscription are about HK$5,987,763.46.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/244f0536c2e47327abe28219456ab2c7\" tg-width=\"653\" tg-height=\"372\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">It is reported that Bilibili originated from the ACG content community website founded in 2009. At present, it has developed into an iconic brand and a leading video community for China's younger generation, providing a large number of rich content to meet the diverse interests of young people. The platform centers on professional user-generated video (PUGV), supplemented by live broadcast, professional organization-generated video (OGV), etc. The content categories cover many fields such as life, games, entertainment, animation, technology and knowledge.</p><p>In March 2018, the company was listed on NASDAQ in the United States under the code \"BILI\". Since its listing for nearly three years,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BILI.US\">Bilibili</a>The stock price has risen by more than 800%. As of the close of U.S. stocks on March 17, 2021, Bilibili's total market capitalization has reached $39.2 billion.</p><p>Bilibili has a large and rapidly growing user base. In 20Q4, the monthly active users of the platform reached 202 million, a year-on-year increase of 55%. At the same time, Bilibili mobile monthly active users increased by 49% between 2019 and 2020, which was the highest growth rate of mobile monthly active users among the top ten video mobile applications in China in 2020, which was higher than the average growth rate of the other nine video mobile applications (11.9%) in the same period.</p><p>In terms of revenue structure, the company has realized diversified monetization models, mainly generating revenue from mobile games, value-added services, advertising, e-commerce and other aspects. Benefiting from the rapid growth of various business segments, Bilibili's revenue has grown rapidly in recent years. From 2018 to 2020, the net turnover of the Company was RMB4.129 billion, RMB6.778 billion and RMB11.999 billion, respectively, with a CAGR of 70.5%. The gross profit margin for the same periods was 20.7%, 17.6% and 23.7%, respectively.</p><p>According to the prospectus, Bilibili has not yet achieved profitability and incurred net losses of RMB565 million, RMB1,304 million and RMB3,054 million from 2018 to 2020.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8ffa01204ffbd3bc6a65cb3cca169162\" tg-width=\"700\" tg-height=\"646\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">In terms of industry, pan-video platforms in China are mainly commercialized through advertising, mobile games, live streaming, membership and paid content and other channels. Since 2016, various commercialization channels in the pan-video market in China have grown significantly and are expected to continue to expand at a relatively high rate in the future. Among them, Z + generation, as the driving force and trend leader of all kinds of online consumption in China, is regarded as the golden group in the pan-video market.</p><p>Video content has become an important way for Gen Z + to communicate and interact. In 2020, Gen Z + reached 452 million people, of which 74.3% watched various forms of video content, and this penetration rate is expected to further increase to 99.1% by 2025.</p><p>Generation Z + has become the most important pillar of China's pan-video market, accounting for 64.8% of the market size of the pan-video market in 2019, and the per capita output value increased from RMB516 in 2016 to RMB1,280 in 2019, and then to RMB3,042 in 2025.</p><p>It is worth noting that according to the prospectus, Chen Rui, chairman and CEO of the board of directors, holds 14.2% of the shares and is the largest shareholder of the company;<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00700\">Tencent Holdings</a>With 12.4% of the shares, it is its second largest shareholder; President Xu Yi holds 8% of the shares and is the third largest shareholder of the company;<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BABA\">Alibaba</a>Taobao China Holdings Limited is the fourth largest shareholder with a 6.7% stake.</p><p>For financing purposes, the IPO is expected to receive net proceeds from the Global Offering of approximately HK$24.3 billion (after deducting underwriting commissions and other estimated expenses in connection with the Global Offering) based on the ceiling of the Offer Price of HK$988. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Share Offer for the following purposes: 50% for the Company's content to support the Company's healthy and high-quality user growth; 20% for research and development; 20% for sales and marketing; 10% for general corporate purposes and working capital requirements.</p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7c7f2e3ab9856d4cdcb423e2c4f7a729","relate_stocks":{"BILI":"哔哩哔哩","09626":"哔哩哔哩-W"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1146319399","content_text":"3月18日消息，哔哩哔哩（$(09626)$.HK）于2021年3月18日至3月23日招股，公开发售价将不超过每股香港发售股份988.00港元，每手20股，股票代码为“ 9626”。预计将在2021年3月29日（星期一）挂牌上市。申购阶梯：每手20股，入场费19959.12港元。乙组门槛为6000股，申购所需资金约5987763.46港元。据悉，哔哩哔哩起源于2009年创立的ACG内容型社区网站，目前已发展成为中国年轻一代的标志性品牌及领先的视频社区，提供大量丰富的内容以满足年轻人多元的兴趣。平台以专业用户生成视频（PUGV）为中心，辅以直播、专业机构生成视频（OGV）等，内容品类覆盖生活、游戏、娱乐、动漫、科技和知识等众多领域。2018年3月，公司在美国纳斯达克上市，代码“BILI”，上市近三年以来，哔哩哔哩的股价已经上涨超800%。截至2021年3月17日美股收盘，哔哩哔哩的总市值已达到392亿美元。哔哩哔哩拥有庞大且快速增长的用户基础。20Q4，平台月活用户达到2.02亿人，同比增长55%。同时，哔哩哔哩移动端月活用户于2019年至2020年间增长49%，为2020年中国前十大视频移动端应用中移动端月活用户增长幅度最高，高于其余九大视频移动端应用在同期的平均增长率(11.9%)。营收结构方面，公司实现了多元的变现模式，主要从移动游戏、增值服务、广告、电商及其他方面带来收入。受益于各业务板块高速增长，哔哩哔哩近年来营收增长迅猛，2018年至2020年，公司净营业额分别为人民币41.29亿元、67.78亿元及119.99亿元，复合年增长率为70.5%；同期毛利率分别为20.7%、17.6%及23.7%。根据招股书，哔哩哔哩尚未实现盈利，2018年至2020年产生净亏损人民币5.65亿元、13.04亿元及30.54亿元。行业方面，中国的泛视频平台主要通过广告、移动游戏、直播、会员和付费内容及其他渠道进行商业化。自2016年以来，中国泛视频市场的各种商业化渠道显著增长，预期未来将以相对较高的速度继续扩张。其中，Z+世代作为中国各类线上消费的驱动力和趋势引领者，被视为泛视频市场的黄金群体。视频内容已经成为Z+世代交流和互动的重要途径。2020年Z+世代达到4.52亿人，其中74.3%观看各种形式的视频内容，预期到2025年此渗透率将进一步提升到99.1%。Z+世代已成为中国泛视频市场最重要的支柱，2019年占泛视频市场市场规模的64.8%，人均产值从2016年的人民币516元增加至2019年的人民币1280元，再到2025年的人民币3042元。值得关注的是，根据招股书显示，董事会主席兼CEO陈睿持股14.2%，为公司最大股东；腾讯控股持股12.4%为其第二大股东；总裁徐逸持股8%，为公司第三大股东；阿里巴巴淘宝中国控股有限公司为第四大股东，持股6.7%。筹资用途方面，以发售价的上限988港元计算，此次IPO预计自全球发售收取所得款项净额约243亿港元（经扣除包销佣金及与全球发售有关的其他估计开支）。公司拟将股份发售所得款项净额用于以下用途：50%用于公司的内容以支持公司的健康和高质量的用户增长；20%用于研发；20%用于销售及营销；10%用于一般公司用途及运营资本需要。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"BILI":0.9,"09626":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4700,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":115403717,"gmtCreate":1623025463439,"gmtModify":1704194427157,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576125208282503","idStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Hao","listText":"Hao","text":"Hao","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/115403717","repostId":"1151287045","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4660,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":341531767,"gmtCreate":1617839269459,"gmtModify":1704703710096,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576125208282503","idStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"？","listText":"？","text":"？","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/341531767","repostId":"2125072521","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4441,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":353965204,"gmtCreate":1616456446908,"gmtModify":1704794250984,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576125208282503","idStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Good","listText":"Good","text":"Good","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/353965204","repostId":"2121510889","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4066,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":359514553,"gmtCreate":1616412647872,"gmtModify":1704793691276,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576125208282503","idStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Hao","listText":"Hao","text":"Hao","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/359514553","repostId":"1159315281","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1159315281","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"为用户提供金融资讯、行情、数据，旨在帮助投资者理解世界，做投资决策。","home_visible":1,"media_name":"老虎资讯综合","id":"102","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1616406415,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1159315281?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-03-22 17:46","market":"hk","language":"zh","title":"The margin subscription amount of Bilibili reached HK$35.55 billion, 52.3 times over the amount","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1159315281","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"综合券商数据显示，哔哩哔哩的孖展认购金额达355.5亿港元，相当于公开招股部分超额认购52.3倍。","content":"<p>Comprehensive brokerage data shows that,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/09626\">Bilibili</a>The margin subscription amount amounted to HK$35.55 billion, equivalent to 52.3 times of the oversubscription of the public offering portion.</p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>The margin subscription amount of Bilibili reached HK$35.55 billion, 52.3 times over the amount</title>\n<style 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#7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nThe margin subscription amount of Bilibili reached HK$35.55 billion, 52.3 times over the amount\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2021-03-22 17:46</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>Comprehensive brokerage data shows that,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/09626\">Bilibili</a>The margin subscription amount amounted to HK$35.55 billion, equivalent to 52.3 times of the oversubscription of the public offering portion.</p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5864d278f2595d2e7918e2cb2d118419","relate_stocks":{"09626":"哔哩哔哩-W","BILI":"哔哩哔哩"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1159315281","content_text":"综合券商数据显示，哔哩哔哩的孖展认购金额达355.5亿港元，相当于公开招股部分超额认购52.3倍。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"BILI":0.9,"09626":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4098,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":324040427,"gmtCreate":1615946300669,"gmtModify":1704788775364,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576125208282503","idStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Down&nbsp;","listText":"Down&nbsp;","text":"Down","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4bf42df917a2bc4c06b34b1a97f97a44","width":"1440","height":"4156"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/324040427","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4042,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":324057851,"gmtCreate":1615946219673,"gmtModify":1704788775906,"author":{"id":"3576125208282503","authorId":"3576125208282503","name":"馒头卡喉咙啦","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e3661a8bd6543d698929e7f6942179db","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576125208282503","idStr":"3576125208282503"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Expect 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