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Citrini: AMD and Apple are both betting on flash memory to replace DRAM, and memory costs may fall 55 times
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This marks that AI storage architecture is undergoing a structural migration, and the core driver is only one number:<strong>Flash costs only 1/55 of DRAM.</strong></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">On Monday, AMD announced the completion of its acquisition of MEXT for an undisclosed amount. AI-driven predictive memory technology developed by MEXT aims to make flash memory behave closer to DRAM, expanding the available memory capacity while maintaining performance and efficiency. AMD said the acquisition will expand its AI portfolio to help data center customers improve performance, reduce total cost of ownership and accelerate workload deployment. \"The demand for memory is growing in every category of enterprise computing,\" AMD said in a statement.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/a86b38617b68e608382e6d8db9bf1389\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"755\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The news of the acquisition spurred AMD shares to rise 7.7% to $550.75 on Monday, as the market capitalization approached the $900 billion mark, and the overall S&P 500 index rose 1.8% on the day. AMD's cumulative gain this year has reached 323%. Citi upgraded AMD to Buy from Neutral last Friday and raised its price target to $575 from $460.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/fe5a732905489dfc96d3c249e9bea543\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"882\" tg-height=\"984\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">It is worth noting that,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a>The \"LLM in a Flash\" end-side scheme began as early as 2024. Behind this layout is the intensifying DRAM supply crisis. According to TrendForce data, high bandwidth memory (HBM) already accounts for about a quarter of all DRAM wafer production capacity, and DRAM contract prices skyrocketed by about 90% quarter-on-quarter in the first quarter of 2026. Citrini Research pointed out that,<strong>The demand for AI storage is so large that it needs to be undertaken by multi-layer architectures. Flash memory does not replace HBM, but undertakes the overflow demand in the capacity dimension</strong>— — This architectural restructuring is repricing the entire AI storage industry chain.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/7db9e832d1e323bc33ae1b899213dd97\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"825\"/><span></span></p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Memory tax crisis: bottlenecks spread from AI to the whole economy</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MS\">Morgan Stanley</a>Analyst Shawn Kim's team judged earlier this month,<strong>Soaring memory prices and supply scarcity are evolving into full-blown risks to the digital economy,</strong>\"From bottlenecks in AI infrastructure, it spreads to hardware margins, device affordability, cloud costs, inflation and even policy.\" This pressure has been backed up by concrete cases: Xbox CEO Asha Sharma said last week that memory costs have risen about fivefold over the past two years, preventing the company from producing the number of gaming consoles consumers need.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">HBM's continued encroachment into DRAM capacity is a central driver of this crisis. According to TrendForce<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">Samsung</a>SK Hynix,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MU\">Micron</a>According to the disclosure data of manufacturers, HBM's proportion in DRAM wafer production capacity has climbed from 2% in 2020 to 25% estimated in 2026. Very large-scale cloud vendors pre-purchase future wafer output with multi-year contracts, further compressing the available production capacity of standard chips for mobile phones and PCs.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The construction of new DRAM capacity also faces structural constraints. Production expansion relies on EUV lithography to print finer linewidths, with each EUV device selling for about $200 million, and investment in a new fab is easy<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SBAY\">tens of billions</a>US dollars, and the construction period will take years in smooth circumstances. This supply rigidity is the fundamental reason for the sustainability of this round of shortage.</p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">55x Cost Difference: The Economic Logic of Flash Replacement</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to Citrini Research,<strong>Flash costs about 1/55 of DRAM per bit — about $0.05 per GB for QLC NAND, $2.75 for DDR5 DRAM, and up to $15 for HBM3E.</strong>The available space for this spread lies in the largest single memory consumption in AI inference-the KV cache (which records the context of all previous tags in each generation step of the model, which can grow to hundreds of GB in long conversations) -which requires read speed far less than the decoding path of model weights. For this kind of sequential data reading, the speed advantage of DRAM narrows significantly, while the capacity advantage of flash memory is fully reflected.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/8f9b061541f243d013842840b2a9af30\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"671\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The expansion path of flash memory is also essentially different from that of DRAM. Flash increases capacity by stacking more cell layers vertically, relying on deposition and etching processes already available in existing plants, eliminating the need for new lithography nodes and taking up no EUV resources. Flash controllers are produced based on mature 6/7 nanometer processes, far from the bottleneck nodes that are restricting advanced processes.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The previously published paper \"LLM in a Flash\" by Apple researchers provides methodological support: by storing the parameters of large language models in the device Flash memory and retrieving them to DRAM on demand, the model exceeding the upper limit of DRAM capacity can be run on the device with limited DRAM capacity, and the inference speed is 4 to 5 times and 20 to 25 times faster than the naive loading mode on the CPU and GPU respectively.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/1b87a29aa7ba0ff023c247b4f54e9951\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"630\"/><span></span></p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Two paths: synchronous evolution of data center and end-side</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">AMD's acquisition focuses on data center scenarios. By integrating MEXT technology into AMD's data center portfolio, AMD seeks to help enterprise customers increase resource efficiency and reduce costs in AI workload deployments. Morgan Stanley's Shawn Kim team believes that despite the persistent memory shortage, AMD still has structural advantages in the competitive landscape of the cloud market-\"the demand for CPUs driven by agent AI is structurally conducive to the expansion of AMD's cloud market share.\" Citi's optimistic prediction for AMD is more based on its GPU sales and<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NVDA\">NVIDIA</a>Positive competitive situation.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The apple's path is on the side of the end. The \"LLM in a Flash\" scheme partly shifts the dependence of model reasoning on expensive cloud memory to the local Flash memory of the device, which reduces the cost of cloud computing and provides feasible memory architecture support for end-side AI applications.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to Citrini Research, the two major paths together point to the same conclusion:<strong>The memory level of AI reasoning is being reconstructed, and low-frequency KV cache, model weight and end-side data will gradually sink from high-priced HBM/DRAM to NAND Flash/SSD layer, forming a multi-level storage architecture.</strong></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">This structural transformation is forming a multi-level transmission effect along the industrial chain. According to Citrini Research, the most direct beneficiary layer is the original NAND factory. High-capacity NAND, enterprise SSD and QLC NAND are the purest directions, including SanDisk,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WDC\">Western Digital</a>Micron and Kioxia.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The SSD controller layer is considered to be the most persistent-the core of bringing flash really close to the memory experience lies in the controller, firmware, and NVMe architecture optimization, involving<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SIMO\">Silicon Motion</a>Marvell, et al. The CXL/PCIe high-speed interconnect layer also benefits.</p><p></body></html></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Citrini: AMD and Apple are both betting on flash memory to replace DRAM, and memory costs may fall 55 times</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCitrini: AMD and Apple are both betting on flash memory to replace DRAM, and memory costs may fall 55 times\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1084101182\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/66809d1f5c2e43e2bdf15820c6d6897e);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">华尔街见闻 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2026-06-16 16:51</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The reliance on expensive DRAM for AI inference is loosening.<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMD\">AMD</a>Announced the acquisition of memory optimization company MEXT to bring AI-driven flash memory optimization technology to data centers. This marks that AI storage architecture is undergoing a structural migration, and the core driver is only one number:<strong>Flash costs only 1/55 of DRAM.</strong></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">On Monday, AMD announced the completion of its acquisition of MEXT for an undisclosed amount. AI-driven predictive memory technology developed by MEXT aims to make flash memory behave closer to DRAM, expanding the available memory capacity while maintaining performance and efficiency. AMD said the acquisition will expand its AI portfolio to help data center customers improve performance, reduce total cost of ownership and accelerate workload deployment. \"The demand for memory is growing in every category of enterprise computing,\" AMD said in a statement.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/a86b38617b68e608382e6d8db9bf1389\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"755\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The news of the acquisition spurred AMD shares to rise 7.7% to $550.75 on Monday, as the market capitalization approached the $900 billion mark, and the overall S&P 500 index rose 1.8% on the day. AMD's cumulative gain this year has reached 323%. Citi upgraded AMD to Buy from Neutral last Friday and raised its price target to $575 from $460.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/fe5a732905489dfc96d3c249e9bea543\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"882\" tg-height=\"984\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">It is worth noting that,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a>The \"LLM in a Flash\" end-side scheme began as early as 2024. Behind this layout is the intensifying DRAM supply crisis. According to TrendForce data, high bandwidth memory (HBM) already accounts for about a quarter of all DRAM wafer production capacity, and DRAM contract prices skyrocketed by about 90% quarter-on-quarter in the first quarter of 2026. Citrini Research pointed out that,<strong>The demand for AI storage is so large that it needs to be undertaken by multi-layer architectures. Flash memory does not replace HBM, but undertakes the overflow demand in the capacity dimension</strong>— — This architectural restructuring is repricing the entire AI storage industry chain.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/7db9e832d1e323bc33ae1b899213dd97\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"825\"/><span></span></p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Memory tax crisis: bottlenecks spread from AI to the whole economy</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MS\">Morgan Stanley</a>Analyst Shawn Kim's team judged earlier this month,<strong>Soaring memory prices and supply scarcity are evolving into full-blown risks to the digital economy,</strong>\"From bottlenecks in AI infrastructure, it spreads to hardware margins, device affordability, cloud costs, inflation and even policy.\" This pressure has been backed up by concrete cases: Xbox CEO Asha Sharma said last week that memory costs have risen about fivefold over the past two years, preventing the company from producing the number of gaming consoles consumers need.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">HBM's continued encroachment into DRAM capacity is a central driver of this crisis. According to TrendForce<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">Samsung</a>SK Hynix,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MU\">Micron</a>According to the disclosure data of manufacturers, HBM's proportion in DRAM wafer production capacity has climbed from 2% in 2020 to 25% estimated in 2026. Very large-scale cloud vendors pre-purchase future wafer output with multi-year contracts, further compressing the available production capacity of standard chips for mobile phones and PCs.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The construction of new DRAM capacity also faces structural constraints. Production expansion relies on EUV lithography to print finer linewidths, with each EUV device selling for about $200 million, and investment in a new fab is easy<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SBAY\">tens of billions</a>US dollars, and the construction period will take years in smooth circumstances. This supply rigidity is the fundamental reason for the sustainability of this round of shortage.</p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">55x Cost Difference: The Economic Logic of Flash Replacement</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to Citrini Research,<strong>Flash costs about 1/55 of DRAM per bit — about $0.05 per GB for QLC NAND, $2.75 for DDR5 DRAM, and up to $15 for HBM3E.</strong>The available space for this spread lies in the largest single memory consumption in AI inference-the KV cache (which records the context of all previous tags in each generation step of the model, which can grow to hundreds of GB in long conversations) -which requires read speed far less than the decoding path of model weights. For this kind of sequential data reading, the speed advantage of DRAM narrows significantly, while the capacity advantage of flash memory is fully reflected.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/8f9b061541f243d013842840b2a9af30\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"671\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The expansion path of flash memory is also essentially different from that of DRAM. Flash increases capacity by stacking more cell layers vertically, relying on deposition and etching processes already available in existing plants, eliminating the need for new lithography nodes and taking up no EUV resources. Flash controllers are produced based on mature 6/7 nanometer processes, far from the bottleneck nodes that are restricting advanced processes.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The previously published paper \"LLM in a Flash\" by Apple researchers provides methodological support: by storing the parameters of large language models in the device Flash memory and retrieving them to DRAM on demand, the model exceeding the upper limit of DRAM capacity can be run on the device with limited DRAM capacity, and the inference speed is 4 to 5 times and 20 to 25 times faster than the naive loading mode on the CPU and GPU respectively.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/1b87a29aa7ba0ff023c247b4f54e9951\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"630\"/><span></span></p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Two paths: synchronous evolution of data center and end-side</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">AMD's acquisition focuses on data center scenarios. By integrating MEXT technology into AMD's data center portfolio, AMD seeks to help enterprise customers increase resource efficiency and reduce costs in AI workload deployments. Morgan Stanley's Shawn Kim team believes that despite the persistent memory shortage, AMD still has structural advantages in the competitive landscape of the cloud market-\"the demand for CPUs driven by agent AI is structurally conducive to the expansion of AMD's cloud market share.\" Citi's optimistic prediction for AMD is more based on its GPU sales and<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NVDA\">NVIDIA</a>Positive competitive situation.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The apple's path is on the side of the end. The \"LLM in a Flash\" scheme partly shifts the dependence of model reasoning on expensive cloud memory to the local Flash memory of the device, which reduces the cost of cloud computing and provides feasible memory architecture support for end-side AI applications.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to Citrini Research, the two major paths together point to the same conclusion:<strong>The memory level of AI reasoning is being reconstructed, and low-frequency KV cache, model weight and end-side data will gradually sink from high-priced HBM/DRAM to NAND Flash/SSD layer, forming a multi-level storage architecture.</strong></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">This structural transformation is forming a multi-level transmission effect along the industrial chain. According to Citrini Research, the most direct beneficiary layer is the original NAND factory. High-capacity NAND, enterprise SSD and QLC NAND are the purest directions, including SanDisk,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WDC\">Western Digital</a>Micron and Kioxia.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The SSD controller layer is considered to be the most persistent-the core of bringing flash really close to the memory experience lies in the controller, firmware, and NVMe architecture optimization, involving<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SIMO\">Silicon Motion</a>Marvell, et al. The CXL/PCIe high-speed interconnect layer also benefits.</p><p></body></html></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a86b38617b68e608382e6d8db9bf1389","relate_stocks":{"IE0004091025.USD":"BNY MELLON GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES \"B\" (USD) ACC","LU0417517546.SGD":"Allianz US Equity Cl AT Acc SGD","LU2083900584.USD":"HSBC GIF US INCOME FOCUSED \"AM2\" (USD) INC","SG9999015341.SGD":"United Income Focus Trust Acc SGD-H","LU1066051811.HKD":"HSBC GIF GLOBAL EQUITY VOLATILITY FOCUSED \"AM2\" (HKD) INC","LU2360032135.SGD":"ALLSPRING GLOBAL EQUITY ENHANCED INCOME \"A\" (SGDHDG) INC","LU1934455863.HKD":"AB SICAV I LOW VOLATILITY TOTAL RETURN EQUITY PORT \"A\" (HKD) ACC","LU0472753341.HKD":"SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL THEMATIC PORTFOLIO \"A\" (HKD) ACC","LU2242649171.HKD":"FIDELITY FUNDS GLOBAL THEMATIC OPPORTUNITIES \"A\" (HKD) ACC","SG9999014880.SGD":"大华全球优质成长基金Acc SGD","LU0868494617.USD":"UBS (LUX) EQUITY SICAV - US TOTAL YIELD SUSTAINABLE \"P\" (USD) ACC","LU2125154935.USD":"ALLSPRING (LUX) WF GLOBAL EQUITY ENHANCED INCOME \"I\" (USD) INC","IE00BN29S564.USD":"JANUS HENDERSON BALANCED \"A3\" (USD) INC","SGXZ31699556.SGD":"UGDP UNITED GLOBAL QUALITY GROWTH \"C\" (SGDHDG) ACC","IE0004445239.USD":"JANUS HENDERSON US FORTY \"A2\" (USD) ACC","LU1366333091.USD":"FIDELITY GLOBAL FOCUS \"A\" (USD) ACC","LU2355687059.USD":"NORDEA 1 GLOBAL IMPACT \"BP\" (USD) ACC","LU0965508806.USD":"AB LOW VOLATILITY EQUITY PORTFOLIO \"AD\" (USD) INC","LU0979878070.USD":"FULLERTON LUX FUNDS - 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Musk: Hopes to move ahead with SpaceX's IPO 'soon'","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1119723737","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"5月18日，马斯克表示，他希望“很快”推进SpaceX的首次公开募股（IPO）。此前消息，SpaceX正大幅加快IPO进程。原定于6月下旬（马斯克生日前后）的上市计划，现已调整为最早于下周三（5月20日）公开招股说明书，6月4日启动路演，6月11日确定发行价格，最早于6月12日正式挂牌交易，股票代码为“SPCX”。知情人士透露，美国证券交易委员会（SEC）对公司IPO文件的审查进度快于预期，是此次上市时间表提前的主要原因。","content":"<p><html><head></head><body>On May 18, Musk said he hoped to move forward with SpaceX's initial public offering (IPO) \"soon.\"</p><p>Previously, SpaceX is accelerating the listing process, pointing to the largest initial public offering in history. On Friday, local time, the Wall Street Journal quoted people familiar with the matter to report that SpaceX, a rocket company owned by Elon Musk, plans to be officially listed on June 12th, with an estimated financing scale of 80 billion dollars or more, and the listing place is Nasdaq. If the plan goes smoothly, it will become the largest IPO in the history of global capital markets.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The proceeds from this round of financing will be mainly used to promote the large-scale launch plan of the \"Starship\" project and build a data center network deployed in low Earth orbit.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to Reuters, citing people familiar with the matter, SpaceX has significantly advanced its original timetable-it was originally planned to complete the listing process in late June (around Musk's birthday), but it has now been adjusted to make a public prospectus as early as next Wednesday, launch a roadshow on June 4, and officially go public on June 12.</p><p></body></html></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>The largest IPO sprint in history! Musk: Hopes to move ahead with SpaceX's IPO 'soon'</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nThe largest IPO sprint in history! Musk: Hopes to move ahead with SpaceX's IPO 'soon'\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2026-05-18 15:13</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body>On May 18, Musk said he hoped to move forward with SpaceX's initial public offering (IPO) \"soon.\"</p><p>Previously, SpaceX is accelerating the listing process, pointing to the largest initial public offering in history. On Friday, local time, the Wall Street Journal quoted people familiar with the matter to report that SpaceX, a rocket company owned by Elon Musk, plans to be officially listed on June 12th, with an estimated financing scale of 80 billion dollars or more, and the listing place is Nasdaq. If the plan goes smoothly, it will become the largest IPO in the history of global capital markets.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The proceeds from this round of financing will be mainly used to promote the large-scale launch plan of the \"Starship\" project and build a data center network deployed in low Earth orbit.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to Reuters, citing people familiar with the matter, SpaceX has significantly advanced its original timetable-it was originally planned to complete the listing process in late June (around Musk's birthday), but it has now been adjusted to make a public prospectus as early as next Wednesday, launch a roadshow on June 4, and officially go public on June 12.</p><p></body></html></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/37a92dcaf28f64e8cb7016e217314e1f","relate_stocks":{"DXYZ":"Destiny Tech100 Inc"},"source_url":"","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1119723737","content_text":"5月18日，马斯克表示，他希望“很快”推进SpaceX的首次公开募股（IPO）。此前消息，SpaceX正加速推进上市进程，剑指史上规模最大的首次公开募股。当地时间上周五，华尔街日报援引知情人士消息报道，埃隆·马斯克旗下火箭公司SpaceX计划于6月12日正式挂牌上市，预计融资规模高达800亿美元甚至更多，上市地点为纳斯达克。若计划顺利推进，这将成为全球资本市场有史以来规模最大的IPO。本轮融资所得将主要用于推动“星舰”（Starship）项目的大规模发射计划，以及建设部署于近地轨道的数据中心网络。另据路透援引知情人士报道，SpaceX已大幅提前原定时间表——原计划于6月下旬（马斯克生日前后）完成上市流程，现已调整为最早于下周三公开招股说明书，6月4日启动路演，并于6月12日正式上市。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"DXYZ":2}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":387,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"hots":[{"id":575869390493288,"gmtCreate":1781601401044,"gmtModify":1781604069945,"author":{"id":"4204818795581912","authorId":"4204818795581912","name":"Invests no gambling","avatar":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/36fa51bb4b75c0adc6108bf97e8a90fe","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4204818795581912","idStr":"4204818795581912"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Good ","listText":"Good ","text":"Good","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/575869390493288","repostId":"2643373567","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"2643373567","kind":"highlight","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"追踪全球财经热点，精选影响您财富的资讯，投资理财必备神器！","home_visible":1,"media_name":"华尔街见闻","id":"1084101182","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/66809d1f5c2e43e2bdf15820c6d6897e"},"pubTimestamp":1781599906,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/2643373567?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2026-06-16 16:51","market":"other","language":"zh","title":"Citrini: AMD and Apple are both betting on flash memory to replace DRAM, and memory costs may fall 55 times","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2643373567","media":"华尔街见闻","summary":"面对DRAM暴涨，AI存储向低成本闪存转移。AMD收购MEXT将AI驱动闪存技术引入数据中心，苹果推进端侧闪存方案。巨头看重闪存成本仅为DRAM的1/55，正重构AI存储架构。","content":"<p><html><head></head><body><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The reliance on expensive DRAM for AI inference is loosening.<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMD\">AMD</a>Announced the acquisition of memory optimization company MEXT to bring AI-driven flash memory optimization technology to data centers. This marks that AI storage architecture is undergoing a structural migration, and the core driver is only one number:<strong>Flash costs only 1/55 of DRAM.</strong></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">On Monday, AMD announced the completion of its acquisition of MEXT for an undisclosed amount. AI-driven predictive memory technology developed by MEXT aims to make flash memory behave closer to DRAM, expanding the available memory capacity while maintaining performance and efficiency. AMD said the acquisition will expand its AI portfolio to help data center customers improve performance, reduce total cost of ownership and accelerate workload deployment. \"The demand for memory is growing in every category of enterprise computing,\" AMD said in a statement.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/a86b38617b68e608382e6d8db9bf1389\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"755\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The news of the acquisition spurred AMD shares to rise 7.7% to $550.75 on Monday, as the market capitalization approached the $900 billion mark, and the overall S&P 500 index rose 1.8% on the day. AMD's cumulative gain this year has reached 323%. Citi upgraded AMD to Buy from Neutral last Friday and raised its price target to $575 from $460.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/fe5a732905489dfc96d3c249e9bea543\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"882\" tg-height=\"984\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">It is worth noting that,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a>The \"LLM in a Flash\" end-side scheme began as early as 2024. Behind this layout is the intensifying DRAM supply crisis. According to TrendForce data, high bandwidth memory (HBM) already accounts for about a quarter of all DRAM wafer production capacity, and DRAM contract prices skyrocketed by about 90% quarter-on-quarter in the first quarter of 2026. Citrini Research pointed out that,<strong>The demand for AI storage is so large that it needs to be undertaken by multi-layer architectures. Flash memory does not replace HBM, but undertakes the overflow demand in the capacity dimension</strong>— — This architectural restructuring is repricing the entire AI storage industry chain.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/7db9e832d1e323bc33ae1b899213dd97\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"825\"/><span></span></p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Memory tax crisis: bottlenecks spread from AI to the whole economy</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MS\">Morgan Stanley</a>Analyst Shawn Kim's team judged earlier this month,<strong>Soaring memory prices and supply scarcity are evolving into full-blown risks to the digital economy,</strong>\"From bottlenecks in AI infrastructure, it spreads to hardware margins, device affordability, cloud costs, inflation and even policy.\" This pressure has been backed up by concrete cases: Xbox CEO Asha Sharma said last week that memory costs have risen about fivefold over the past two years, preventing the company from producing the number of gaming consoles consumers need.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">HBM's continued encroachment into DRAM capacity is a central driver of this crisis. According to TrendForce<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">Samsung</a>SK Hynix,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MU\">Micron</a>According to the disclosure data of manufacturers, HBM's proportion in DRAM wafer production capacity has climbed from 2% in 2020 to 25% estimated in 2026. Very large-scale cloud vendors pre-purchase future wafer output with multi-year contracts, further compressing the available production capacity of standard chips for mobile phones and PCs.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The construction of new DRAM capacity also faces structural constraints. Production expansion relies on EUV lithography to print finer linewidths, with each EUV device selling for about $200 million, and investment in a new fab is easy<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SBAY\">tens of billions</a>US dollars, and the construction period will take years in smooth circumstances. This supply rigidity is the fundamental reason for the sustainability of this round of shortage.</p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">55x Cost Difference: The Economic Logic of Flash Replacement</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to Citrini Research,<strong>Flash costs about 1/55 of DRAM per bit — about $0.05 per GB for QLC NAND, $2.75 for DDR5 DRAM, and up to $15 for HBM3E.</strong>The available space for this spread lies in the largest single memory consumption in AI inference-the KV cache (which records the context of all previous tags in each generation step of the model, which can grow to hundreds of GB in long conversations) -which requires read speed far less than the decoding path of model weights. For this kind of sequential data reading, the speed advantage of DRAM narrows significantly, while the capacity advantage of flash memory is fully reflected.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/8f9b061541f243d013842840b2a9af30\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"671\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The expansion path of flash memory is also essentially different from that of DRAM. Flash increases capacity by stacking more cell layers vertically, relying on deposition and etching processes already available in existing plants, eliminating the need for new lithography nodes and taking up no EUV resources. Flash controllers are produced based on mature 6/7 nanometer processes, far from the bottleneck nodes that are restricting advanced processes.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The previously published paper \"LLM in a Flash\" by Apple researchers provides methodological support: by storing the parameters of large language models in the device Flash memory and retrieving them to DRAM on demand, the model exceeding the upper limit of DRAM capacity can be run on the device with limited DRAM capacity, and the inference speed is 4 to 5 times and 20 to 25 times faster than the naive loading mode on the CPU and GPU respectively.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/1b87a29aa7ba0ff023c247b4f54e9951\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"630\"/><span></span></p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Two paths: synchronous evolution of data center and end-side</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">AMD's acquisition focuses on data center scenarios. By integrating MEXT technology into AMD's data center portfolio, AMD seeks to help enterprise customers increase resource efficiency and reduce costs in AI workload deployments. Morgan Stanley's Shawn Kim team believes that despite the persistent memory shortage, AMD still has structural advantages in the competitive landscape of the cloud market-\"the demand for CPUs driven by agent AI is structurally conducive to the expansion of AMD's cloud market share.\" Citi's optimistic prediction for AMD is more based on its GPU sales and<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NVDA\">NVIDIA</a>Positive competitive situation.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The apple's path is on the side of the end. The \"LLM in a Flash\" scheme partly shifts the dependence of model reasoning on expensive cloud memory to the local Flash memory of the device, which reduces the cost of cloud computing and provides feasible memory architecture support for end-side AI applications.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to Citrini Research, the two major paths together point to the same conclusion:<strong>The memory level of AI reasoning is being reconstructed, and low-frequency KV cache, model weight and end-side data will gradually sink from high-priced HBM/DRAM to NAND Flash/SSD layer, forming a multi-level storage architecture.</strong></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">This structural transformation is forming a multi-level transmission effect along the industrial chain. According to Citrini Research, the most direct beneficiary layer is the original NAND factory. High-capacity NAND, enterprise SSD and QLC NAND are the purest directions, including SanDisk,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WDC\">Western Digital</a>Micron and Kioxia.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The SSD controller layer is considered to be the most persistent-the core of bringing flash really close to the memory experience lies in the controller, firmware, and NVMe architecture optimization, involving<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SIMO\">Silicon Motion</a>Marvell, et al. The CXL/PCIe high-speed interconnect layer also benefits.</p><p></body></html></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Citrini: AMD and Apple are both betting on flash memory to replace DRAM, and memory costs may fall 55 times</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCitrini: AMD and Apple are both betting on flash memory to replace DRAM, and memory costs may fall 55 times\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1084101182\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/66809d1f5c2e43e2bdf15820c6d6897e);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">华尔街见闻 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2026-06-16 16:51</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The reliance on expensive DRAM for AI inference is loosening.<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMD\">AMD</a>Announced the acquisition of memory optimization company MEXT to bring AI-driven flash memory optimization technology to data centers. This marks that AI storage architecture is undergoing a structural migration, and the core driver is only one number:<strong>Flash costs only 1/55 of DRAM.</strong></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">On Monday, AMD announced the completion of its acquisition of MEXT for an undisclosed amount. AI-driven predictive memory technology developed by MEXT aims to make flash memory behave closer to DRAM, expanding the available memory capacity while maintaining performance and efficiency. AMD said the acquisition will expand its AI portfolio to help data center customers improve performance, reduce total cost of ownership and accelerate workload deployment. \"The demand for memory is growing in every category of enterprise computing,\" AMD said in a statement.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/a86b38617b68e608382e6d8db9bf1389\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"755\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The news of the acquisition spurred AMD shares to rise 7.7% to $550.75 on Monday, as the market capitalization approached the $900 billion mark, and the overall S&P 500 index rose 1.8% on the day. AMD's cumulative gain this year has reached 323%. Citi upgraded AMD to Buy from Neutral last Friday and raised its price target to $575 from $460.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/fe5a732905489dfc96d3c249e9bea543\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"882\" tg-height=\"984\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">It is worth noting that,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a>The \"LLM in a Flash\" end-side scheme began as early as 2024. Behind this layout is the intensifying DRAM supply crisis. According to TrendForce data, high bandwidth memory (HBM) already accounts for about a quarter of all DRAM wafer production capacity, and DRAM contract prices skyrocketed by about 90% quarter-on-quarter in the first quarter of 2026. Citrini Research pointed out that,<strong>The demand for AI storage is so large that it needs to be undertaken by multi-layer architectures. Flash memory does not replace HBM, but undertakes the overflow demand in the capacity dimension</strong>— — This architectural restructuring is repricing the entire AI storage industry chain.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/7db9e832d1e323bc33ae1b899213dd97\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"825\"/><span></span></p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Memory tax crisis: bottlenecks spread from AI to the whole economy</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MS\">Morgan Stanley</a>Analyst Shawn Kim's team judged earlier this month,<strong>Soaring memory prices and supply scarcity are evolving into full-blown risks to the digital economy,</strong>\"From bottlenecks in AI infrastructure, it spreads to hardware margins, device affordability, cloud costs, inflation and even policy.\" This pressure has been backed up by concrete cases: Xbox CEO Asha Sharma said last week that memory costs have risen about fivefold over the past two years, preventing the company from producing the number of gaming consoles consumers need.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">HBM's continued encroachment into DRAM capacity is a central driver of this crisis. According to TrendForce<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">Samsung</a>SK Hynix,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MU\">Micron</a>According to the disclosure data of manufacturers, HBM's proportion in DRAM wafer production capacity has climbed from 2% in 2020 to 25% estimated in 2026. Very large-scale cloud vendors pre-purchase future wafer output with multi-year contracts, further compressing the available production capacity of standard chips for mobile phones and PCs.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The construction of new DRAM capacity also faces structural constraints. Production expansion relies on EUV lithography to print finer linewidths, with each EUV device selling for about $200 million, and investment in a new fab is easy<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SBAY\">tens of billions</a>US dollars, and the construction period will take years in smooth circumstances. This supply rigidity is the fundamental reason for the sustainability of this round of shortage.</p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">55x Cost Difference: The Economic Logic of Flash Replacement</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to Citrini Research,<strong>Flash costs about 1/55 of DRAM per bit — about $0.05 per GB for QLC NAND, $2.75 for DDR5 DRAM, and up to $15 for HBM3E.</strong>The available space for this spread lies in the largest single memory consumption in AI inference-the KV cache (which records the context of all previous tags in each generation step of the model, which can grow to hundreds of GB in long conversations) -which requires read speed far less than the decoding path of model weights. For this kind of sequential data reading, the speed advantage of DRAM narrows significantly, while the capacity advantage of flash memory is fully reflected.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/8f9b061541f243d013842840b2a9af30\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"671\"/><span></span></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The expansion path of flash memory is also essentially different from that of DRAM. Flash increases capacity by stacking more cell layers vertically, relying on deposition and etching processes already available in existing plants, eliminating the need for new lithography nodes and taking up no EUV resources. Flash controllers are produced based on mature 6/7 nanometer processes, far from the bottleneck nodes that are restricting advanced processes.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The previously published paper \"LLM in a Flash\" by Apple researchers provides methodological support: by storing the parameters of large language models in the device Flash memory and retrieving them to DRAM on demand, the model exceeding the upper limit of DRAM capacity can be run on the device with limited DRAM capacity, and the inference speed is 4 to 5 times and 20 to 25 times faster than the naive loading mode on the CPU and GPU respectively.</p><p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/1b87a29aa7ba0ff023c247b4f54e9951\" data-align=\"center\" tg-width=\"1024\" tg-height=\"630\"/><span></span></p><p><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Two paths: synchronous evolution of data center and end-side</h2><p style=\"text-align: left;\">AMD's acquisition focuses on data center scenarios. By integrating MEXT technology into AMD's data center portfolio, AMD seeks to help enterprise customers increase resource efficiency and reduce costs in AI workload deployments. Morgan Stanley's Shawn Kim team believes that despite the persistent memory shortage, AMD still has structural advantages in the competitive landscape of the cloud market-\"the demand for CPUs driven by agent AI is structurally conducive to the expansion of AMD's cloud market share.\" Citi's optimistic prediction for AMD is more based on its GPU sales and<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NVDA\">NVIDIA</a>Positive competitive situation.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The apple's path is on the side of the end. The \"LLM in a Flash\" scheme partly shifts the dependence of model reasoning on expensive cloud memory to the local Flash memory of the device, which reduces the cost of cloud computing and provides feasible memory architecture support for end-side AI applications.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">According to Citrini Research, the two major paths together point to the same conclusion:<strong>The memory level of AI reasoning is being reconstructed, and low-frequency KV cache, model weight and end-side data will gradually sink from high-priced HBM/DRAM to NAND Flash/SSD layer, forming a multi-level storage architecture.</strong></p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">This structural transformation is forming a multi-level transmission effect along the industrial chain. According to Citrini Research, the most direct beneficiary layer is the original NAND factory. High-capacity NAND, enterprise SSD and QLC NAND are the purest directions, including SanDisk,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WDC\">Western Digital</a>Micron and Kioxia.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The SSD controller layer is considered to be the most persistent-the core of bringing flash really close to the memory experience lies in the controller, firmware, and NVMe architecture optimization, involving<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SIMO\">Silicon Motion</a>Marvell, et al. The CXL/PCIe high-speed interconnect layer also benefits.</p><p></body></html></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a86b38617b68e608382e6d8db9bf1389","relate_stocks":{"IE0004091025.USD":"BNY MELLON GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES \"B\" (USD) ACC","LU0417517546.SGD":"Allianz US Equity Cl AT Acc SGD","LU2083900584.USD":"HSBC GIF US INCOME FOCUSED \"AM2\" (USD) INC","SG9999015341.SGD":"United Income Focus Trust Acc SGD-H","LU1066051811.HKD":"HSBC GIF GLOBAL EQUITY VOLATILITY FOCUSED \"AM2\" (HKD) INC","LU2360032135.SGD":"ALLSPRING GLOBAL EQUITY ENHANCED INCOME \"A\" (SGDHDG) INC","LU1934455863.HKD":"AB SICAV I LOW VOLATILITY TOTAL RETURN EQUITY PORT \"A\" (HKD) ACC","LU0472753341.HKD":"SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL THEMATIC PORTFOLIO \"A\" (HKD) ACC","LU2242649171.HKD":"FIDELITY FUNDS GLOBAL THEMATIC OPPORTUNITIES \"A\" (HKD) ACC","SG9999014880.SGD":"大华全球优质成长基金Acc SGD","LU0868494617.USD":"UBS (LUX) EQUITY SICAV - US TOTAL YIELD SUSTAINABLE \"P\" (USD) ACC","LU2125154935.USD":"ALLSPRING (LUX) WF GLOBAL EQUITY ENHANCED INCOME \"I\" (USD) INC","IE00BN29S564.USD":"JANUS HENDERSON BALANCED \"A3\" (USD) INC","SGXZ31699556.SGD":"UGDP UNITED GLOBAL QUALITY GROWTH \"C\" (SGDHDG) ACC","IE0004445239.USD":"JANUS HENDERSON US FORTY \"A2\" (USD) ACC","LU1366333091.USD":"FIDELITY GLOBAL FOCUS \"A\" (USD) ACC","LU2355687059.USD":"NORDEA 1 GLOBAL IMPACT \"BP\" (USD) ACC","LU0965508806.USD":"AB LOW VOLATILITY EQUITY PORTFOLIO \"AD\" (USD) INC","LU0979878070.USD":"FULLERTON LUX FUNDS - 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Musk: Hopes to move ahead with SpaceX's IPO 'soon'","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1119723737","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"5月18日，马斯克表示，他希望“很快”推进SpaceX的首次公开募股（IPO）。此前消息，SpaceX正大幅加快IPO进程。原定于6月下旬（马斯克生日前后）的上市计划，现已调整为最早于下周三（5月20日）公开招股说明书，6月4日启动路演，6月11日确定发行价格，最早于6月12日正式挂牌交易，股票代码为“SPCX”。知情人士透露，美国证券交易委员会（SEC）对公司IPO文件的审查进度快于预期，是此次上市时间表提前的主要原因。","content":"<p><html><head></head><body>On May 18, Musk said he hoped to move forward with SpaceX's initial public offering (IPO) \"soon.\"</p><p>Previously, SpaceX is accelerating the listing process, pointing to the largest initial public offering in history. On Friday, local time, the Wall Street Journal quoted people familiar with the matter to report that SpaceX, a rocket company owned by Elon Musk, plans to be officially listed on June 12th, with an estimated financing scale of 80 billion dollars or more, and the listing place is Nasdaq. If the plan goes smoothly, it will become the largest IPO in the history of global capital markets.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The proceeds from this round of financing will be mainly used to promote the large-scale launch plan of the \"Starship\" project and build a data center network deployed in low Earth orbit.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to Reuters, citing people familiar with the matter, SpaceX has significantly advanced its original timetable-it was originally planned to complete the listing process in late June (around Musk's birthday), but it has now been adjusted to make a public prospectus as early as next Wednesday, launch a roadshow on June 4, and officially go public on June 12.</p><p></body></html></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>The largest IPO sprint in history! Musk: Hopes to move ahead with SpaceX's IPO 'soon'</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nThe largest IPO sprint in history! Musk: Hopes to move ahead with SpaceX's IPO 'soon'\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2026-05-18 15:13</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body>On May 18, Musk said he hoped to move forward with SpaceX's initial public offering (IPO) \"soon.\"</p><p>Previously, SpaceX is accelerating the listing process, pointing to the largest initial public offering in history. On Friday, local time, the Wall Street Journal quoted people familiar with the matter to report that SpaceX, a rocket company owned by Elon Musk, plans to be officially listed on June 12th, with an estimated financing scale of 80 billion dollars or more, and the listing place is Nasdaq. If the plan goes smoothly, it will become the largest IPO in the history of global capital markets.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The proceeds from this round of financing will be mainly used to promote the large-scale launch plan of the \"Starship\" project and build a data center network deployed in low Earth orbit.</p><p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to Reuters, citing people familiar with the matter, SpaceX has significantly advanced its original timetable-it was originally planned to complete the listing process in late June (around Musk's birthday), but it has now been adjusted to make a public prospectus as early as next Wednesday, launch a roadshow on June 4, and officially go public on June 12.</p><p></body></html></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/37a92dcaf28f64e8cb7016e217314e1f","relate_stocks":{"DXYZ":"Destiny Tech100 Inc"},"source_url":"","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1119723737","content_text":"5月18日，马斯克表示，他希望“很快”推进SpaceX的首次公开募股（IPO）。此前消息，SpaceX正加速推进上市进程，剑指史上规模最大的首次公开募股。当地时间上周五，华尔街日报援引知情人士消息报道，埃隆·马斯克旗下火箭公司SpaceX计划于6月12日正式挂牌上市，预计融资规模高达800亿美元甚至更多，上市地点为纳斯达克。若计划顺利推进，这将成为全球资本市场有史以来规模最大的IPO。本轮融资所得将主要用于推动“星舰”（Starship）项目的大规模发射计划，以及建设部署于近地轨道的数据中心网络。另据路透援引知情人士报道，SpaceX已大幅提前原定时间表——原计划于6月下旬（马斯克生日前后）完成上市流程，现已调整为最早于下周三公开招股说明书，6月4日启动路演，并于6月12日正式上市。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"DXYZ":2}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":387,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"lives":[]}